Effective working solution depends on correct cutters, operation method, and technology.
Usual cutting conditions and major influence factors of CNC machines.
| Introduction | Formula | ||
| Cutting Data V(m/min) | Cutting speed is decided by the diameter of end mills and its rpm |  |
V=Cutting speed(m/min) D=diameter(mm) N=rpm of one min of end mills(min-1) |
| Feed speed F(mm/min) | Feed speed is the speed of relative one of work piece. Feed rate per flute is important for multi-flute end mills. |  |
F=Feed speed per minute z= number of flute f= Feed volume per flute |
| Cutting depth a(mm) | Cutting depth is the thickness of flute machining on work piece. We always increase cutting depth to achieve its efficiency, but it is too deep to short tool life. It’s better to give proper cutting depth per flute, don’t increase feed rate and cutting depth together. | -- | -- |
| Feed rate per flue f(mm/刃) |
Once a flute to cut | -- | -- |
| Cutting width b(mm) | Vibration caused by diameter of end mill, width of work piece, flute numbers, and cutting width. | -- | -- |
Cutting Speed
| Work Material | High Speed Steel | Carbide – rough cutting | Carbide – fine cutting |
| Cast iron (soft) | 32 | 50-60 | 120-150 |
| Cast iron (hard) | 24 | 30-60 | 75-100 |
| Malleable cast iron | 24 | 30-75 | 50-100 |
| Steel (soft) | 27 | 30-75 | 150 |
| Steel (hard) | 15 | 25 | 30 |
| Aluminum alloy | 150 | 95-300 | 300-1200 |
| Yellow Steel (soft) | 60 | 240 | 180 |
| Yellow Steel (hard) | 50 | 150 | 300 |
| Bronze | 50 | 75-150 | 150-240 |
| Copper | 50 | 150-240 | 240-300 |
| Hard Rubber | 60 | 240 | 450 |
| Fiber | 40 | 140 | 200 |
Feed volume each side
| Working Material | Face cutter | End Mill | Spiral flute flat end mill |
Side Cutter | Milling Cutter | Metal gap cutter | ||||||||
| HSS | Carbide | HSS | Carbide | HSS | Carbide | HSS | Carbide | HSS | Carbide | HSS | Carbide | |||
| Cast Iron | HB150-180 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.4 | 0.23 | 0.3 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.13 | |
| HB180-220 | 0.32 | 0.4 | 0.18 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.1 | ||
| HB220-300 | 0.28 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.08 | ||
| Malleable cast iron, Cast iron | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.1 | ||
| Carbon steel | Cutting steel | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.1 | |
| Soft steel, Steel | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.1 | ||
| Alloy Steel | Annealing robust steel | HB180-220 | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 020 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
| HB220-300 | 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.08 | ||
| HB300-400 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.2 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.08 | ||
| Stainless steel | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.08 | ||
| Al-Mg Alloy | 0.55 | 0.5 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.45 | 040 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.13 | ||
| Brass, Bronze | speedy cutting | 0.55 | 0.5 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.3 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.13 | |
| ordinary | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.18 | ||
| hard | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.2 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.08 | ||
| Coppper | 0.30 | 030 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.08 | ||
| Plastics | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.10 | ||
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