何謂石墨Graphite グラファイト？www.tool-tool.com
石墨是元素
碳的一種
同素異形體，每個碳
原子的 週邊連結著另外三個碳原子，排列方式呈蜂巢式的多個六邊形。由於每個碳原子均會放出一個
電子，那些電子能夠自由移動，因此石墨屬於導電體。石墨是其中一種最軟的礦物，它的用途包括製造鉛筆芯和潤滑劑，也可作為
壓力管式石墨慢化沸水反應爐（
RBMK）的中子減速劑。
用途 製作
鉛筆的筆芯。
目前主要用途是耐火材料的原材料，尤其是
鎂碳磚。自然界自然形成的石墨可分為鱗片石墨和土狀石墨。鱗片石墨主要產地在
中 國黑龍江的柳毛、蘿北，內蒙古的興和，山東的平度等地。土狀石墨主要產地在
湖南的
郴州和
吉林的
磐石。
石墨的
電阻率為(8～13)×10-6 (Ω/m)
The
mineral graphite is one of the
allotropes of carbon. It was named by
Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the
Greek γραφειν (graphein): "to draw/write", for its use in
pencils, where it is commonly called
lead, as distinguished from the actual metallic element
lead. Unlike
diamond (another carbon allotrope), graphite is an
electrical conductor, a
semimetal, and can be used, for instance, in the
electrodes of an
arc lamp. Graphite holds the distinction of being the most stable form of carbon under
standard conditions. Therefore, it is used in thermochemistry as the
standard state for defining the
heat of formation of carbon compounds. Graphite may be considered the highest grade of
coal, just above
anthracite and alternatively called meta-anthracite, although it is not normally used as fuel because it is hard to ignite.
There are three principal types of natural graphite, each occurring in different types of
ore deposit:
Crystalline flake graphite (or flake graphite for short) occurs as isolated, flat, plate-like particles with hexagonal edges if unbroken and when broken the edges can be irregular or angular; Amorphous graphite occurs as fine particles and is the result of thermal metamorphism
of coal, the last stage of coalification, and is sometimes called
meta-anthracite. Very fine flake graphite is sometimes called amorphous
in the trade; Lump graphite (also called vein graphite) occurs in fissure veins or fractures and appears as massive platy intergrowths of fibrous or acicular crystalline aggregates, and is probably hydrothermal in origin.Highly
Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite or Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG)
refers to graphite with an angular spread of the between the graphite
sheets of less than 1°. This highest-quality synthetic form is used in
scientific research.
[1] The name "graphite fiber" is also sometimes used to refer to
carbon fiber or
carbon fiber-reinforced polymer.
Minerals associated with graphite include
quartz,
calcite,
micas,
iron meteorites, and
tourmalines.
Graphite has various other characteristics. Thin flakes are flexible
but inelastic, the mineral can leave black marks on hands and paper, it
conducts electricity, and displays
superlubricity. Its best field indicators are softness, luster, density and streak.
According to the
United States Geological Survey(USGS), world production of natural graphite in 2008 was 1,110 thousand
tonnes (kt), of which the following major exporters are:
China (800 kt),
India (130 kt),
Brazil (76 kt),
North Korea (30 kt) and
Canada(28 kt). Graphite is not mined in US, but US production of synthetic
graphite in 2007 was 198 kt valued at $1.18 billion. US graphite
consumption was 42 kt and 200 kt for natural and synthetic graphite,
respectively.
[2]
STM-Image of graphite surface atoms
|
graphite's unit cell
|
ball-and-stick model of graphite (2 graphene layers)
|
side view of layer stacking
|
plane view of layer stacking
|
Properties
Graphite is a layered compound. In each layer, the carbon atoms are arranged in a
hexagonal lattice with separation of 0.142 nm, and the distance between planes is 0.335 nm.
[3] The two known forms of graphite,
alpha (hexagonal) and
beta (
rhombohedral), have very similar physical properties (except that the
graphene layers stack slightly differently).
[4] The hexagonal graphite may be either flat or buckled.
[5]The alpha form can be converted to the beta form through mechanical
treatment and the beta form reverts to the alpha form when it is heated
above 1300 °
C.
[6] The layering contributes to its lower density.
The
acoustic and
thermal properties of graphite are highly
anisotropic, since
phonons propagate very quickly along the tightly-bound planes, but are slower to travel from one plane to another.
Graphite can
conduct electricity due to the vast
electron delocalization within the carbon layers (a phenomenon called
aromaticity).
These valence electrons are free to move, so are able to conduct
electricity. However, the electricity is only conducted within the
plane of the layers.
Graphite and graphite powder are valued in industrial applications for its self-lubricating and dry
lubricating properties. There is a common belief that graphite's lubricating properties are solely due to the
loose interlamellar coupling between sheets in the structure. However, it has been shown that in a
vacuum environment (such as in technologies for use in
space),
graphite is a very poor lubricant. This observation led to the
discovery that the lubrication is due to the presence of fluids between
the layers, such as air and water, which are naturally
adsorbed from the environment. This molecular property is unlike other layered, dry lubricants such as
molybdenum disulfide. Recent studies suggest that an effect called
superlubricity can also account for graphite's lubricating properties. The use of graphite is limited by its tendency to facilitate
pitting corrosion in some
stainless steel[7][8], and to promote galvanic
corrosionbetween dissimilar metals (due to its electrical conductivity). It is
also corrosive to aluminium in presence of moisture. For this reason,
the
US Air Force banned its use as a lubricant in aluminium aircraft
[9], and discouraged its use in aluminium-containing automatic weapons
[10]. Even graphite
pencil marks on aluminium parts may facilitate corrosion
[11]. Another high-temperature lubricant,
hexagonal boron nitride, has the same molecular structure as graphite. It is sometimes called
white graphite, due to its similar properties.
When
a large number of crystallographic defects bind these planes together,
graphite loses its lubrication properties and becomes what is known as
pyrolytic carbon. This material is useful for blood-contacting implants such as
artificial heart valves. It is also highly
diamagnetic, thus it will float in mid-air above a strong magnet.
Natural
and crystalline graphites are not often used in pure form as structural
materials, due to their shear-planes, brittleness and inconsistent
mechanical properties.
History
Graphite was used by the 4th millenium B.C.
Marica culture to create a ceramic paint to decorate
pottery during the
Neolithic Age in southeastern Europe.
[12] Some time before 1565 (some sources say as early as 1500), an enormous deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to
Grey Knotts from the hamlet of
Seathwaite in
Borrowdale parish,
Cumbria, England, which the locals found very useful for marking sheep.
[13][14]This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and soft, and
could easily be broken into sticks. This remains the only deposit of
graphite found in this packed form.
[15] Uses of natural graphite
Natural
graphite is mostly consumed for refractories, steelmaking, expanded
graphite, brake linings, and foundry facings-lubricants.
[2] Graphene,
which occurs naturally in graphite, has unique physical properties and
might be one of the strongest substances known; however, the process of
separating it from graphite will require some technological development
before it is economically feasible to use it in industrial processes.
Refractories
This end-use begins before 1900 with the graphite
crucible used to hold molten metal; this is now a minor part of
refractories. In the mid 1980s, the carbon-
magnesitebrick became important, and a bit later the alumina-graphite shape.
Currently the order of importance is alumina-graphite shapes,
carbon-magnesite brick, monolithics (gunning and ramming mixes), and
then crucibles.
Crucibles began using very large flake
graphite, and carbon-magnesite brick requiring not quite so large flake
graphite; for these and others there is now much more flexibility in
size of flake required, and amorphous graphite is no longer restricted
to low-end refractories. Alumina-graphite shapes are used as continuous
casting ware, such as nozzles and troughs, to convey the molten steel
from ladle to mould, and carbon magnesite bricks line steel converters
and electric arc furnaces to withstand extreme temperatures. Graphite
Blocks are also used in parts of
blast furnacelinings where the high thermal conductivity of the graphite is
critical. High-purity monolithics are often used as a continuous
furnace lining instead of the carbon-magnesite bricks.
The US
and European refractories industry had a crisis in 2000-2003, with an
indifferent market for steel and a declining refractory consumption per
tonne of steel underlying firm buyouts and many plant closings. Many of
the plant closings resulted from the RHI acquisition of Harbison-Walker
Refractories; some plants had their equipment auctioned off. Since much
of the lost capacity was for carbon-magnesite brick, graphite
consumption within refractories area moved towards alumina-graphite
shapes and monolithics, and away from the brick.The major source of
carbon-magnesite brick is now imports from China. Almost all of the
above refractories are used to make steel and account for 75% of
refractory consumption; the rest is used by a variety of industries,
such as cement.
According to the
USGS, US natural graphite consumption in refractories was 11,000 tonnes in 2006.
[2] Steelmaking
Natural
graphite in this end use mostly goes into carbon raising in molten
steel, although it can be used to lubricate the dies used to extrude
hot steel. Supplying carbon raisers is very competitive, therefore
subject to cut-throat pricing from alternatives such as synthetic
graphite powder, petroleum coke, and other forms of carbon. A carbon
raiser is added to increase the carbon content of the steel to the
specified level. A GAN consumption estimate based on
USGS US graphite consumption statistics indicates that 10,500 tonnes were used in this fashion in 2005.
[2] Expanded graphite
Expanded graphite is made by immersing natural flake graphite in a bath of
chromic acid, then concentrated
sulfuric acid,
which forces the crystal lattice planes apart, thus expanding the
graphite. The expanded graphite can be used to make graphite foil or
used directly as "hot top" compound to insulate molten metal in a ladle
or red-hot steel ingots and decrease heat loss, or as
firestops fitted around a
fire dooror in sheet metal collars surrounding plastic pipe (During a fire, the
graphite expands and chars to resist fire penetration and spread.), or
to make high-performance gasket material for high-temperature use.
After being made into graphite foil, the foil is machined and assembled
into the bipolar plates in
fuel cells. The foil is made into heat sinks for
laptop computerswhich keeps them cool while saving weight, and is made into a foil
laminate that can be used in valve packings or made into gaskets.
Old-style packings are now a minor member of this grouping: fine flake
graphite in oils or greases for uses requiring heat resistance. A GAN
estimate of current US natural graphite consumption in this end use is
7,500 tonnes.
[2] Intercalated graphite
Main article:
Graphite intercalation compound 
Structure of CaC
6 Graphite forms
intercalation compoundswith some metals and small molecules. In these compounds, the host
molecule or atom gets "sandwiched" between the graphite layers,
resulting in compounds with variable stoichiometry. A prominent example
of an intercalation compound is potassium graphite, denoted by the
formula KC
8. Graphite intercalation compounds are
superconductors. The highest transition temperature (by June 2009) T
c = 11.5 K is achieved in CaC
6 and it further increases under applied pressure (15.1 K at 8 GPa).
[16] Brake linings
Natural amorphous and fine flake graphite are used in brake linings or
brake shoes for heavier (nonautomotive) vehicles, and became important with the need to substitute for
asbestos.
This use has been important for quite some time, but nonasbestos
organic (NAO) compositions are beginning to cost graphite market share.
A brake-lining industry shake-out with some plant closings has not
helped either, nor has an indifferent automotive market. According to
the
USGS, US natural graphite consumption in brake linings was 6,510 tonnes in 2005.
[2] Foundry facings and lubricants
A
foundry facing or mold wash is a water-based paint of amorphous or fine
flake graphite. Painting the inside of a mold with it and letting it
dry leaves a fine graphite coat that will ease separation of the object
cast after the hot metal has cooled. Graphite
lubricantsare specialty items for use at very high or very low temperatures, as a
wire die extrusion lubricant, an antiseize agent, a gear lubricant for
mining machinery, and to lubricate locks. Having low-grit graphite, or
even better no-grit graphite (ultra high purity), is highly desirable.
It can be used as a dry powder, in water or oil, or as colloidal
graphite (a permanent suspension in a liquid). An estimate based on
USGS graphite consumption statistics indicates that 2,200 tonnes was used in this fashion in 2005.
[2] Other uses
Natural graphite has found uses as the marking material ("lead") in common
pencils, in
zinc-carbon batteries, in
electric motor brushes, and various specialized applications.
Uses of synthetic graphite
Electrodes
These electrodes carry the electricity that heats electric arc furnaces, the vast majority steel furnaces. They are made from
petroleum cokeafter it is mixed with petroleum pitch, extruded and shaped, then baked
to sinter it, and then graphitized by heating it above the temperature
(3000°C) that converts carbon to graphite. They can vary in size up to
11 ft. long and 30 in. in diameter. An increasing proportion of global
steel is made using electric arc furnaces, and the electric arc furnace
itself is getting more efficient and making more steel per tonne of
electrode. An estimate based on
USGS data indicates that graphite electrode consumption was 197,000 tonnes in 2005.
[2] Powder and scrap
The powder is made by heating powdered
petroleum cokeabove the temperature of graphitization, sometimes with minor
modifications. The graphite scrap comes from pieces of unusable
electrode material (in the manufacturing stage or after use) and lathe
turnings, usually after crushing and sizing. Most synthetic graphite
powder goes to carbon raising in steel (competing with natural
graphite), with some used in batteries and brake linings. According to
the
USGS, US synthetic graphite powder and scrap production was 95,000 tonnes in 2001 (latest data).
[2] Neutron moderator
Main article:
Nuclear graphite Special grades of synthetic graphite also find use as a matrix and
neutron moderator within
nuclear reactors. Its low
neutron cross-section also recommends it for use in proposed
fusion reactors. Care must be taken that reactor-grade graphite is free of neutron absorbing materials such as
boron, widely used as the seed electrode in commercial graphite deposition systems—this caused the failure of the Germans'
World War II graphite-based nuclear reactors. Since they could not isolate the difficulty they were forced to use far more expensive
heavy water moderators. Graphite used for nuclear reactors is often referred to as
nuclear graphite.
Other uses
Graphite (carbon) fiber and
carbon nanotubes are also used in
carbon fiber reinforced plastics, and in heat-resistant composites such as
reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC). Products made from carbon fiber graphite composites include
fishing rods, golf clubs, bicycle frames, and pool sticks and have been successfully employed in
reinforced concrete. The mechanical properties of carbon fiber graphite-reinforced plastic composites and grey
cast ironare strongly influenced by the role of graphite in these materials. In
this context, the term "(100%) graphite" is often loosely used to refer
to a pure mixture of carbon reinforcement and
resin, while the term "composite" is used for
composite materials with additional ingredients.
[17] Graphite has been used in at least three
radar absorbent materials. It was mixed with rubber in Sumpf and Schornsteinfeger, which were used on
U-boat snorkels to reduce their
radar cross section. It was also used in tiles on early
F-117 Nighthawks. Modern
smokeless powder is coated in graphite to prevent the buildup of
static charge.
Graphite mining, beneficiation, and milling
Graphite
is mined around the world by both open pit and underground methods.
While flake graphite and amorphous graphite are both mined open pit and
underground, lump (vein) graphite is only mined underground in Sri
Lanka. The open pit mines usually employ equipment (i.e. bulldozers) to
scoop up the ore, which is usually put in trucks and moved to the
plant. Since the original rock is usually lateritized or weathered,
this amounts to moving dirt with flecks or pieces of graphite in it
from the pit (blasting is seldom required). The underground graphite
mines employ drilling and blasting to break up the hard rock (ore),
which is then moved by mine cars pulled by a locomotive, or moved by
automotive vehicles, to the surface and then to the plant. In
less-developed areas of the world, the ore can be mined by pick and
shovel and transported by mine cars pushed by a laborer or by women
carrying baskets of ore on their heads.
Graphite usually needs
beneficiation,
although thick-bedded amorphous graphite and vein graphite is almost
always beneficiated, if beneficiated at all, by laborers hand-picking
out the pieces of gangue (rock) and hand-screening the product. The
great majority of world flake graphite production is crushed and ground
if necessary and beneficiated by flotation. Treating graphite by
flotation encounters one big difficulty: graphite is very soft and
"marks" (coats) the particles of
gangue.
This makes the "marked" gangue particles float off with the graphite to
yield a very impure concentrate. There are two ways of obtaining a
saleable concentrate or product: regrinding and floating it again and
again (up to seven times) to obtain a purer and purer concentrate, or
by leaching (dissolving) the gangue with hydrofluoric acid (for a
silicate gangue) or hydrochloric acid (for a carbonate gangue).
In
the milling process, the incoming graphite products and concentrates
can be ground before being classified (sized or screened), with the
coarser flake size fractions (below 8 mesh, 8-20 mesh, 20-50 mesh)
carefully preserved, and then the carbon contents are determined. Then
some standard blends can be prepared from the different fractions, each
with a certain flake size distribution and carbon content. Custom
blends can also be made for individual customers who want a certain
flake size distribution and carbon content. If flake size is
unimportant, the concentrate can be ground more freely. Typical final
products include a fine powder for use as a slurry in
oil drilling; in
zirconium silicate,
sodium silicate and
isopropyl alcohol coatings for
foundry molds; and a carbon raiser in the
steelindustry ( Synthetic graphite powder and powdered petroleum coke can
also be used as carbon raiser)(Earth Metrics, 1989). Rough graphite is
typically classified, ground, and packaged at a graphite mill; often
the more complex formulations are also mixed and packaged at the mill
facility. Environmental impacts from graphite mills consist of air
pollution including fine particulate exposure of workers and also
soil contamination from powder spillages leading to
heavy metalscontaminations of soil. Dust masks are normally worn by workers during
the production process to avoid worker exposure to the fine airborne
graphite and
zircon silicate.
Graphite recycling
The
most common way graphite is recycled occurs when synthetic graphite
electrodes are either manufactured and pieces are cut off or lathe
turnings are discarded, or the electrode (or other) are used all the
way down to the electrode holder. A new electrode replaces the old one
, but a sizeable piece of the old electrode remains. This is crushed
and sized, and the resulting graphite powder is mostly used to raise
the carbon content of molten steel. Graphite-containing refractories
are sometimes also recycled , but often not because of their graphite:
the largest-volume items, such as carbon-magnesite bricks that contain
only 15%-25% graphite, usually contain too little graphite. However,
some recycled carbon-magnesite brick is used as the basis for furnace
repair materials, and also crushed carbon-magnesite brick is used in
slag conditioners. While crucibles have a high graphite content, the
volume of crucibles used and then recycled is very small.
A
high-quality flake graphite product that closely resembles natural
flake graphite can be made from steelmaking kish. Kish is a
large-volume near-molten waste skimmed from the molten iron feed to a
basic oxygen furnace, and is a mix of graphite (precipitated out of the
supersaturated iron), lime-rich slag, and some iron. The iron is
recycled on site, so what is left is a mixture of graphite and slag.
The best recovery process uses hydraulic classification (Which utilizes
a flow of water to separate minerals by specific gravity: graphite is
light and settles nearly last.) to get a 70% graphite rough
concentrate.
Leaching this concentrate with
hydrochloric acid gives a 95% graphite product with a flake size ranging from 10 mesh down.
グラファイト（graphite、
石墨[1]、
黒 鉛[1]） は、
炭 素から成る
元素鉱物。六方晶系（
結晶対称性は、
P6
3/mmc）、
六角板状
結晶。 構造は、
亀の
甲状の層状物質で層毎の面内は、強い
共有結合（sp
2的）で炭素間が繋がっているが、層と層の間（面間）は、弱い
ファンデルワールス力で結合している。それゆえ層状にはがれる（
へき開完全）。
電子状 態は、
半金属的である。
グラファイトが剥がれて厚さが原子一個分しかない単一層となったものは
グラフェンと呼ばれ、
金属と
半導体の両方の性質を持つことから現在研究が進んでいる。
硬 筆に使われることから
石墨の和名を持ち、
鉱物名 として使われることが多い。
元素分析以前には
鉛を含むと思われており、
ラテン語で鉛を意味するplumbumに由来するplumbagoと呼ばれていた。このため、英語でblack lead、日本語でもこれを直訳し
黒鉛とも呼ぶ。ただし、実際には鉛はまったく含まれていない。グラファイトという名は、それが判明したのち、plumbagoという名が不適切だとして提案されたものである。
構造上α黒鉛とβ黒鉛が存在し、両者の違いは黒鉛層構造の重なり具合の違いである。通常見られる黒鉛は殆どがα黒鉛である。
同素体に
ダイヤモンド、
フラーレン、
カーボンナノチューブ、
カーボンナノホーン。
常 温、
常圧ではダイヤモンドより、このグラファイトの方が安定な
相（Phase）である。 しかしながら、ダイヤモンドとの間には、乗り越えるべきエネルギー差が非常に大きいため、普通の状態ではダイヤモンドからグラファイトになる（
構造相転移）ことはない。
用途 軽 水には劣るが
中性子を減速することができ、中性子の吸収も少ないので、世界最初の
原子炉「
シカゴ・パイル1号」で
減速材として使用された。現在でも
黒鉛炉の減速材として使用されている。
また粘土等と混合させた上で
鉛筆の 芯としても利用される。
層間化合物 黒鉛層間の空隙に
電子供与体あるいは
電子受容体元素が侵入（
インターカレーション）した
層間化合物（そうかんかごうぶつ、 intercalational compound）が知られており、これは
成層化合物（せいそうかごうぶつ、lamellar compound）とも呼ばれる。
1926 年に最初の層間化合物
KC8が発見され、
KC24、
KC36な ども知られている。他には黒鉛と、
アルカリ金属元素、Br
2、
金属酸化物、
典型元素の酸化物や硫化物とから形成される層間化合物も知られている。
KC8は300℃で黒鉛に
カリウム蒸気を 作用させて製造し、外見は
ブロンズ色をしている。黒鉛に比し て
KC8の方が金属的性質が強く、これは還元試薬としても利用されている。
LiC
6はリチウムイオン電池の負極として用いられている。
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machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would
like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us,
its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting tool、aerospace tool .HSS DIN Cutting tool、Carbide end mills、Carbide cutting tool、NAS Cutting tool、NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 Cutting Tools,Carbide end mill、disc milling cutter,Aerospace cutting tool、hss drill’Фрезеры’Carbide drill、High speed steel、Compound Sharpener’Milling cutter、INDUCTORS FOR PCD’
CVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )’PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) ’Core drill、Tapered end mills、CVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool. INDUCTORS FOR PCD . POWDER FORMING MACHINE ‘Single Crystal Diamond ‘Metric end mills、Miniature end mills、Специальные режущие инструменты ‘Пустотелое сверло ‘Pilot reamer、Fraises’Fresas con mango’ PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) ‘Frese’POWDER FORMING MACHINE’Electronics cutter、Step drill、Metal cutting saw、Double margin drill、Gun barrel、Angle milling cutter、Carbide burrs、Carbide tipped cutter、Chamfering tool、IC card engraving cutter、Side cutter、Staple Cutter’PCD diamond cutter specialized in grooving floors’V-Cut PCD Circular Diamond Tipped Saw Blade with Indexable Insert’ PCD Diamond Tool’ Saw Blade with Indexable Insert’NAS tool、DIN or JIS tool、Special tool、Metal slitting saws、Shell end mills、Side and face milling cutters、Side chip clearance saws、Long end mills’
end mill grinder’drill grinder’sharpener、Stub roughing end mills、Dovetail milling cutters、Carbide slot drills、Carbide torus cutters、Angel carbide end mills、Carbide torus cutters、Carbide ball-nosed slot drills、Mould cutter、Tool manufacturer. Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com ようこそＢｅｗｉｓｅ Ｉｎｃ.の世界へお越し下さいませ、先ず御目出度たいのは新たな 情報を受け取って頂き、もっと各産業に競争力プラス展開。 弊社は専門なエンド・ミルの製造メーカーで、客先に色んな分野のニーズ、 豊富なパリエーションを満足させ、特にハイテク品質要求にサポート致します。 弊社は各領域に供給できる内容は： （１）精密ＨＳＳエンド・ミルのＲ＆Ｄ （２）Carbide Cutting tools設計 （３）鎢鋼エンド・ミル設計 （４）航空エンド・ミル設計 （５）超高硬度エンド・ミル （６）ダイヤモンド・エンド・ミル （７）医療用品エンド・ミル設計 （８）自動車部品＆材料加工向けエンド・ミル設計 弊社の製品の供給調達機能は： （１）生活産業～ハイテク工業までのエンド・ミル設計 （２）ミクロ・エンド・ミル～大型エンド・ミル供給 （３）小Ｌｏｔ生産～大量発注対応供給 （４）オートメーション整備調達 （５）スポット対応～流れ生産対応 弊社の全般供給体制及び技術自慢の総合専門製造メーカーに貴方のご体験を御待ちしております。 Bewise
Inc. talaşlı imalat sanayinde en fazla kullanılan ve üç eksende (x,y,z)
talaş kaldırabilen freze takımlarından olan Parmak Freze imalatçısıdır.
Çok geniş ürün yelpazesine sahip olan firmanın başlıca ürünlerini
Karbür Parmak Frezeler, Kalıpçı Frezeleri, Kaba Talaş Frezeleri, Konik
Alın Frezeler, Köşe Radyüs Frezeler, İki Ağızlı Kısa ve Uzun Küresel
Frezeler, İç Bükey Frezeler vb. şeklinde sıralayabiliriz. BW специализируется
в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым
высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих /
фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и
электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид
/ быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC
картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы,
фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм
для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано
инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации. BW
is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide
material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for
mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products
include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card
cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread
reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and
worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline
shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please
visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.
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