Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet. PLS

PLS

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Sterowniki PLC
Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.Poprzednikami sterowania programowalnego były z jednej strony sterowania programowane połączeniowo, których sposób działania był określany poprzez odpowiednie połączenia modułów logicznych, a z drugiej strony maszyny cyfrowe, przy pomocy których realizowano sterowania binarne z prostego poziomu obsługi. Jedne z pierwszych prawdziwych sterowań programowalnych ze specjalnym do tego zakresu dobranym rozwiązaniem sprzętowym (hardware) zostały zaoferowane przez firmę Siemens w 1975 roku. Był to system sterowania SIMATIC S 3. W latach 1978/79 został zastąpiony przez system SIMATIC S 5, (już nie produkowany), choć jest już oferowany system SIMATIC S 7. W porównaniu układów automatyki przekaźnikowej (stykowej) ze sterownikami PLC - zwykłe układy automatyki przemysłowej, zbudowane są w oparciu o połączone układem styków okablowane elementy przełączne takie jak: stycznik, przekaźnik, człony czasowe itp. wbudowane do szafy sterowniczej. Okablowanie spełnia tu rolę programu, który jest wykonywany w trakcie pracy urządzenia nim sterowanego. Przy zastosowaniu sterownika PLC odpowiadający funkcji sterowania algorytm, realizowany jest programowo przez wyposażony w mikroprocesor sterownik. Wszystkie połączenia pomocnicze zawarte są w tym przypadku w umieszczonym w pamięci sterownika programie. Jest to więc układ programowany pamięciowo. Zaletą takiego układu oprócz zmniejszenia gabarytów i energochłonności jest to, iż w przypadku zmian w układzie sterowania lub rozszerzenia układu nie zmienia się okablowania i nie buduje się nowych bloków lecz wprowadza się zmiany w programie.

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.
Controlador lógico programável

Controlador lógico programável

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet. Программируемый логический контроллер

Программируемый логический контроллер

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet. Programmerbart styrsystem

Programmerbart styrsystem

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.PLC (Programlanabilir Lojik kontrolcü, İng.:Programmable Logic Controller) makine kontrolleri gibi otomasyon uygulamalarında kullanılan küçük bilgisayarlara denir. İçinde bir mikroişlemcisi olup karmaşık sistemlerin programlanmasında kullanılabilir. PC'lerden en temel farkı sinyal giriş çıkışlarının (I/O) çalışma ve işlenme şeklindedir. PLC'ler ilk olarak karmaşık röle sistemlerinin yükünü hafifletmek için çıkarılmış basit lojik (mantıksal) işlemleri yapan cihazlarken günümüzde diğer programlanabilir bilgisayarlarla arasındaki farklılıklar giderek azalmaktadır. PLC bir bakıma monitörü ve klavyesi bulunmayan bir bilgisayar gibidir. Bir diğer fark ise işletilecek verilerin gerçek ortamdan gelmesi ve sonuçların yine gerçek ortama analog veya dijital olarak gönderilmesidir. Çoğunlukla, PLC'lerin kullanım alanlarında, alternatif olarak çok daha düşük maliyetli mikroişlemcilerin de iş görebilmesi mümkünken PLC'lerin tercih edilmelerinin sebebi; elektronik tasarım için harcanacak zamanı en düşük seviyeye indirirken aynı zamanda endüstriyel ortamların sahip olduğu zor koşullardan (manyetik alan, düşük-yüksek sıcaklık, toz, vb) etkilenmeden çalışabilen hazır çözümler olmalarıdır.

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.PLC là viết tắt của tiếng Anh: Programmable Logic Controller là một bộ điều khiển logic lập trình được. PLC dùng để thay thế các mạch relay (rơ le) trong thực tế. PLC hoạt động theo phương thức quét các trạng thái trên đầu ra và đầu vào. Khi có sự thay đổi ở đầu vào thì đầu ra sẽ thay đổi theo. Ngôn ngữ lập trình của PLC có thể là Ladder hay State Logic. Hiện nay có nhiều hãng sản xuất ra PLC như Siemens, Allen-Bradley, Mitsubishi Electric, General Electric, Omron, Honeywell ....

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet. 步進馬達步級角構造,黃色部分為每次脈波行走量

步進馬達步級角構造,黃色部分為每次脈波行走量

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet. Un motor pas a pas és un motor elèctric sincrònic sense escombretes, que pot dividir una rotació sencera en un gran número de passos, per exemple, 200 passos. Així el motor es pot fer girar un angle precís.

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet. Forsimplet unipolar step-motor, der kan lave helskridt på 90 grader og halvskridt på 45 grader.

Forsimplet unipolar step-motor, der kan lave helskridt på 90 grader og halvskridt på 45 grader.

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet. Schema eines Schrittmotors - in 4 Schritten eine Umdrehung

Schema eines Schrittmotors - in 4 Schritten eine Umdrehung

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.
The top electromagnet (1) is turned on, attracting the nearest teeth of a gear-shaped iron rotor. With the teeth aligned to electromagnet 1, they will be slightly offset from electromagnet 2.

The top electromagnet (1) is turned on, attracting the nearest teeth of a gear-shaped iron rotor. With the teeth aligned to electromagnet 1, they will be slightly offset from electromagnet 2.

The top electromagnet (1) is turned off, and the right electromagnet (2) is energized, pulling the nearest teeth slightly to the right. This results in a rotation of 3.6° in this example.

The top electromagnet (1) is turned off, and the right electromagnet (2) is energized, pulling the nearest teeth slightly to the right. This results in a rotation of 3.6° in this example.

The bottom electromagnet (3) is energized; another 3.6° rotation occurs.

The bottom electromagnet (3) is energized; another 3.6° rotation occurs.

The left electromagnet (4) is enabled, rotating again by 3.6°. When the top electromagnet (1) is again enabled, the teeth in the sprocket will have rotated by one tooth position; since there are 25 teeth, it will take 100 steps to make a full rotation in this example.

The left electromagnet (4) is enabled, rotating again by 3.6°. When the top electromagnet (1) is again enabled, the teeth in the sprocket will have rotated by one tooth position; since there are 25 teeth, it will take 100 steps to make a full rotation in this example.

Because of power requirements, induction of the windings, and temperature management, motors cannot be directly powered by most digital controllers. Some "glue circuitry," such as a motor controller (H-bridge) is necessary between digital controller and motor. The above image shows the basic circuit of a motor controller which can also sense motor current. (One wire of the motor is shown; a stepper motor would require such a circuit for four wires, and a normal DC motor for two. This circuitry is typically all included in an integrated H-bridge chip.

Because of power requirements, induction of the windings, and temperature management, motors cannot be directly powered by most digital controllers. Some "glue circuitry," such as a motor controller (H-bridge) is necessary between digital controller and motor. The above image shows the basic circuit of a motor controller which can also sense motor current. (One wire of the motor is shown; a stepper motor would require such a circuit for four wires, and a normal DC motor for two. This circuitry is typically all included in an integrated H-bridge chip.

Different details of configuration have to be decided when choosing a motor. Almost everything is combineable

Different details of configuration have to be decided when choosing a motor. Almost everything is combineable

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