From Simple English Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia that anyone can change
Steel is a mixture of several metals (this is called an alloy) but most of it is iron. Steel is harder and stronger than iron.
Steels are often iron alloys with between 0.02% and 1.7% percent carbon by weight; alloys with higher carbon than this are known as cast iron. Steel is different from wrought iron, that has little or no carbon.
There are some newer steels in which carbon is replaced with other alloying materials.
[change] Making steel
Steel has a long history. People in India and Sri Lanka were making steel by hand more than 1,500 years ago. It was very expensive and was often used to make swords and knives.
In the time since, there have been many changes to the way steel is made. In about the year 1610 steel started to be made in England, and the way it was made got better and cheaper over the next 100 years. Cheap steel was a help in the start of the Industrial Revolution in England and in Europe.
Today steel is made in huge buildings and is most often made by machines. It is a very cheap metal today and is used to make many things.
[change] Iron and steel chemistry
Steel is a metal alloy which includes iron and often some carbon.
Every material is made up of atoms which are very small parts. Some atoms hold together quite well, which is what makes some solid materials hard. Something made of pure iron is softer than steel because the atoms can slip over one another. If other atoms like carbon are added, they are different from iron atoms and stop the iron atoms from sliding apart so easily. This makes the metal stronger and harder.
Changing the amount of carbon (or other atoms) added to steel will change those things that are interesting and useful about the metal. These are called the properties of the steel. Some properties are:
- How hard it is,
- How easily it bends,
- If it can be made into made into thin wires,
- Its strength,
- If it is magnetic and can be picked up using a magnet,
- If it will rust (or corrode)
Steel with more carbon is harder and stronger than pure iron, but it also breaks more easily (brittle).
[change] Types of steel
These are a few of the many types of steel:
- Carbon steel - the most common type, simple steel, but it must be painted or covered or it will rust
- Stainless steel - which will usually not rust much, the "stain" in the name is the red colour of rust
- Galvanized steel - which is steel covered with zinc, to prevent rust
[change] Uses of steel
There are a huge number of things that people make from steel. It is one of the most common and useful metals. A lot of items made from iron in the past are now made of steel. Some of them are:
- Tools
- Wires
- Rails for trains
- Girders for making buildings
- Body of cars and trains
- Major appliances
- Cutlery and knives
- Rulers
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