鎳是化學元素之一,化學符號為Ni,原子序數為28,具磁性,屬過渡金屬。
鎳由科朗斯達德(Axel Cronstedt)在1751年於瑞典發現。跟鈷一樣,鎳的外語名字(nickel)帶有迷信色彩,解作「小妖精」(可參考英文中魔鬼的別稱"Old Nick")。nickel原為德文Kupfernickel(銅妖)的簡稱,鎳礦看似銅礦,卻無法冶煉出銅來,從前被看作是魔鬼搞的惡作劇。
鎳多用於鑄幣,首個純鎳幣於1881年出廠。
[編輯] 世界10大鎳生產國
年產量(千公噸)
國名 | 1977 | 1982 | 1987 | 1992 |
俄羅斯 | 144.3 | 165.2 | 272.0 | 215.0 |
加拿大 | 235.4 | 88.6 | 189.0 | 192.1 |
新喀里多尼亞 | 109.1 | 60.1 | 56.9 | 113.1 |
印尼 | 14.0 | 45.9 | 57.8 | 78.1 |
澳洲 | 85.8 | 87.6 | 74.6 | 64.0 |
中國 | - | 12.0 | 25.0 | 37.0 |
古巴 | 37.0 | 36.1 | 33.8 | 32.2 |
南非 | 23.0 | 22.0 | 34.3 | 28.4 |
多明尼加 | 24.2 | 5.4 | 32.5 | 25.0 |
波札那 | 12.1 | 17.8 | 25.9 | 23.5 |
十國小計 | 685.0 | 540.6 | 801.8 | 808.4 |
全球總計 | 772.8 | 621.6 | 892.5 | 921.9 |
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