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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

通常,人们把含铬量大于12%或含镍量大于8%的合金钢叫不锈钢。这种钢在大气中或在腐蚀性介质中具有一定的耐蚀能力,并在较高温度(>450℃) 下具有较高的强度。含铬量达16%~18%的钢称为耐酸钢或耐酸不锈钢,习惯上通称为不锈钢。
钢 中含铬量达12%以上时,在与氧化性介质接触中,由于电化学作用,表面很快形成一层富铬的钝化膜,保护金属内部不受腐蚀;但在非氧化性腐蚀介质中,仍不 易形成坚固的钝化膜。为了提高钢的耐蚀能力,通常增大铬的比例或添加可以促进钝化的合金元素,加Ni、Mo、Mn、Cu、Nb、Ti、W、Co等,这些元 素不仅提高了钢的抗腐蚀能力,同时改变了钢的内部组织以及物理力学性能。这些合金元素在钢中的含量不同,对不锈钢的性能产生不同的影响,有的有磁性,有的 无磁性,有的能够进行热处理,有的则不能热处理。

由于不锈钢所具有的上述特性,越来越广泛地应用于航空、航天、化工、石油、建筑和食品等工业部门及日常生活中。所含的合金元素对切削加工性影响很大,有的甚至很难切削。

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4 24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting toolaerospace tool .HSS Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolCarbide end millAerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

不锈钢按其成分,可分为以铬为主的铬不锈钢和以铬、镍为主的铬镍不锈钢两大类。

工业上常用的不锈钢一般按金相组织分类,可分为以下五大类:

1) 马氏体不锈钢:含铬量12%~18%,含碳量0.1%~0.5%(有时达1%),常见的有1Cr13、2Cr13、3Cr13、4Cr13、1Cr17Ni2、9Cr18、9Cr18MoV、30Cr13Mo等。

2) 铁素体不锈钢:含铬量12%~30%,常见的有0Cr13、0Cr17Ti、0Cr13Si4NbRE、1Cr17、1Cr17Ti、1Cr17M02Ti、1Cr25Ti、1Cr28等。

3) 奥氏体不锈钢:含络量12%~25%,含镍量7%~20%(或20%以上),最典型的代表是1Cr18Ni9Ti,常见的还有00Cr18Ni10、 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2、0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti、0Cr18Ni18Mo2Cu2Ti、0Cr23Ni28M03Cu3Ti、 1Cr14Mn14Ni、2Cr13Mn9Ni4、1Cr18Mn8Ni5N等。

4) 奥氏体+铁素体不锈钢:与奥氏体不锈钢相似,仅在组织中含有一定量的铁素体,常见的有0Cr21Ni5Ti、1Cr21Ni5Ti、 1Cr18Mn10Ni5M03N、0Cr17Mn13Mo2N、1Cr17Mn9Ni3M03Cu2N、Cr2bNi17M03CuSiN、 1Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi等。

5) 沉淀硬化不锈钢:含有较高的铬、镍和很低的碳,常见的有0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb、0Cr17Ni7Al、0Cr15Ni7M02Al等。
前两类为铬不锈钢,后三类为铬镍不锈钢。

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4 24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting toolaerospace tool .HSS Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolCarbide end millAerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

1) 马氏体不锈钢:能进行淬火,淬火后具有较高的硬度、强度和耐磨性及良好的抗氧化性,有的有磁性,但内应力大且脆。经低温回火后可消除其应力,提高塑性,切削加工较困难,有切屑擦伤或粘结的明显趋向,刀具易磨损。

当钢中含碳量低于0.3%时,组织不均匀,粘附性强,切削时容易产生积屑瘤,且断屑困难,工件已加工表面质量低。含碳量达0.4%~0.5%时,切削加工性较好。

马氏体不锈钢经调质处理后,可获得优良的综合力学性能,其切削加工性比退火状态有很大改善。

2) 铁素体不锈钢:加热冷却时组织稳定,不发生相变,故热处理不能使其强化,只能靠变形强化,性能较脆,切削加工性一般较好。切屑呈带状,切屑容易擦伤或粘结于切削刃上,从而增大切削力,切削温度升高,同时可能使工件表面产生撕裂现象。

3) 奥氏体不锈钢:由于含有较多的镍(或锰),加热时组织不变,故淬火不能使其强化,可略改善其加工性。通过冷加工硬化可大幅度提高强度,如果再经时效处理,抗拉强度可达2550~2740 MPa。

奥氏体不锈钢切削时的带状切屑连绵不断,断屑困难,极易产生加工硬化,硬化层给下一次切削带来很大难度,使刀具急剧磨损,刀具耐用度大幅度下降。

奥氏体不锈钢具有优良的力学性能,良好的耐蚀能力,较突出的是冷变形能力,无磁性。

4) 奥氏体+铁素体不锈钢:有硬度极高的金属间化合物析出,强度比奥氏体不锈钢高,其切削加工性更差。

5) 沉淀硬化不锈钢:含有能起沉淀硬化的铊、铝、钼、钛等合金元素,它们在回火时时效析出,产生沉淀硬化,使钢具有很高的强度和硬度。由于含碳量低保证了足够的含铬量,因此具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。

4 不锈钢有哪些切削特点?

不 锈钢的切削加工性比中碳钢差得多。以普通45号钢的切削加工性作为100%,奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti的相对切削加工性为40%;铁素体不锈钢 1Cr28为48%;马氏体不锈钢2Cr13为55%。其中,以奥氏体和奥氏体+铁素体不锈钢的切削加工性最差。不锈钢在切削过程中有如下几方面特点:

1) 加工硬化严重:在不锈钢中,以奥氏体和奥氏体+铁素体不锈钢的加工硬化现象最为突出。如奥氏体不锈钢硬化后的强度sb达1470~1960MPa,而且随 sb的提高,屈服极限ss升高;退火状态的奥氏体不锈钢ss不超过的σb30%~45%,而加工硬化后达85%~95%。加工硬化层的深度可达切削深度的 1/3或更大;硬化层的硬度比原来的提高1.4~2.2倍。因为不锈钢的塑性大,塑性变形时品格歪扭,强化系数很大;且奥氏体不够稳定,在切削应力的作用 下,部分奥氏体会转变为马氏体;再加上化合物杂质在切削热的作用下,易于分解呈弥散分布,使切削加工时产生硬化层。前一次进给或前一道工序所产生的加工硬 化现象严重影响后续工序的顺利进行。

2) 切削力大:不锈钢在切削过程中塑性变形大,尤其是奥氏体不锈钢(其伸长率超过45号钢的1.5倍以上),使切削力增加。同时,不锈钢的加工硬化严重,热强 度高,进一步增大了切削抗力,切屑的卷曲折断也比较困难。因此加工不锈钢的切削力大,如车削1Cr18Ni9Ti的单位切削力为2450MPa,比45号 钢高25%。

3) 切削温度高:切削时塑性变形及与刀具间的摩擦都很大,产生的切削热多;加上不锈钢的导热系数约为45号钢的½~¼,大量切削热都集中在切削区和刀—屑接触 的界面上,散热条件差。在相同的条件下,1Cr18Ni9Ti的切削温度比45号钢高200℃左右。

4) 切屑不易折断、易粘结:不锈钢的塑性、韧性都很大,车加工时切屑连绵不断,不仅影响操作的顺利进行,切屑还会挤伤已加工表面。在高温、高压下,不锈钢与其 他金属的亲和性强,易产生粘附现象,并形成积屑瘤,既加剧刀具磨损,又会出现撕扯现象而使已加工表面恶化。含碳量较低的马氏体不锈钢的这一特点更为明显。

5) 刀具易磨损:切削不锈钢过程中的亲和作用,使刀—屑间产生粘结、扩散,从而使刀具产生粘结磨损、扩散磨损,致使刀具前刀面产生月牙洼,切削刃还会形成微小 的剥落和缺口;加上不锈钢中的碳化物(如TiC)微粒硬度很高,切削时直接与刀具接触、摩擦,擦伤刀具,还有加工硬化现象,均会使刀具磨损加剧。

6) 线膨胀系数大:不锈钢的线膨胀系数约为碳素钢的1.5倍,在切削温度作用下,工件容易产生热变形,尺寸精度较难控制。

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4 24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting toolaerospace tool .HSS Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolCarbide end millAerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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合理选择刀具材料是保证高效率切削加工不锈钢的重要条件。根据不锈钢的切削特点,要求刀具材料应具有耐热性好、耐磨性高、与不锈钢的亲和作用小等特点。目前常用的刀具材料有高速钢和硬质合金。

1) 高速钢的选择:高速钢主要用来制造铣刀、钻头、丝锥、拉刀等复杂多刃刀具。普通高速钢W18Cr4V使用时刀具耐用度很低已不符合需要,采用新型高速钢刀具切削不锈钢可获得较好的效果。

在 相同的车削条件下,用W18Cr4V和95w18Cr4V两种材料的刀具加工1Cr17Ni2工件,刀具刃磨一次加工的件数分别为2~3件和12件,用 95w18Cr4V的刀具耐用度提高了几倍。这是由于提高了钢的含碳量,从而增加了钢中碳化物含量,常温硬度提高2HRC红硬性更好,600℃时由 W18Cr4V的HRC48.5上升到HRC51~52,耐磨性比W18Cr4V提高2~3倍。

应用高钒高速钢 W12Cr4V4Mo制作型面铣刀加工1Cr17Ni2可以获得较高的刀具耐用度。因为含钒量增加,可在钢中形成硬度很高的VC,细小的 VC存在于晶介,可以阻止晶粒长大,提高钢的耐磨性;W12Cr4V4Mo的红硬性很好,600℃时硬度可达HRC51.7,因此适合于制作切削不锈钢的 各种复杂刀具。但其强度(sb=3140 MPa)及冲击韧性(ak=2.5 J/cm3)略低于W18Cr4V,使用时要稍加注意。

随着刀具制作技术的不断发展,对于批量大的工件,采用硬质合金多刃、复杂刀具进行切削加工效果会更好。

2) 硬质合金的选择:YG类硬质合金的韧性较好,可采用较大的前角,刀刃也可以磨得锋利些,使切削轻快,且切屑与刀具不易产生粘结,较适于加工不锈钢。特别是 在振动的粗车和断续切削时,YG类合金的这一优点更为重要。另外,YG类合金的导热性较好,其导热系数比高速钢高将近两倍,比YT类合金高一倍。因此YG 类合金在不锈钢切削中应用较多,特别是在粗车刀、切断刀、扩孔钻及铰刀等制造中应用更为广泛。

较长时期以来,一般 都采用YG6、YG8、YG8N、YW1、YW2等普通牌号的硬质合金作为切削不锈钢的刀具材料,但均不能获得较理想的效果;采用新牌 号硬质合金如813、758、767、640、712、798、YM051、YM052、YM10、YS2T、YD15等,切削不锈钢可获得较好的效果。 而用813牌号硬质合金刀具切削奥氏体不锈钢效果很好,因为813合金既具有较高的硬度(≥HRA91)、强度(sb=1570MPa),又具有良好的高 温韧性、抗氧化性、抗粘结性,其组织致密耐磨性好。

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4 24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting toolaerospace tool .HSS Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolCarbide end millAerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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1) 前角γ0:不锈钢的硬度、强度并不高,但其塑性、韧性都较好,热强性高,切削时切屑不易被切离。在保证刀具有足够强度的前提下,应选用较大的前角,这样不 仅能够减小被切削金属的塑性变形,而且可以降低切削力和切削温度,同时使硬化层深度减小。

车削各种不锈钢的前角大致为12°~30°。对马氏体不锈钢(如2Cr13),前角可取较大值;对奥氏体和奥氏体+铁素体不锈钢,前角应取较小值;对未经调质处理或调质后硬度较低的不锈钢,可取较大前角;直径较小或薄壁工件,宜采用较大的前角。

高速钢铣刀取γn=10°~20°,硬质合金铣刀取γn=5°~10°;铰刀一般取γ0=8°~12°;丝锥一般取γ0=15°~20°(机用)或γ0=20°(手用)。

2) 后角α0:加大后角能减小后刀面与加工表面的摩擦,但会使切削刃的强度和散热能力降低。后角的合理值取决于切削厚度,切削厚度小时,宜选较大后角。

不锈钢车刀或镗刀通常取α0=10°~20°(精加工)或α0=6°~10°(粗加工);高速钢端铣刀取α0=10°~20°,立铣刀取α0=15° ~20°;硬度合金端铣刀取α0=5°~10°,立铣刀取α0=12°~16°;铰刀和丝锥取α0=8°~12°。

3) 主偏角kr、副偏角kr,和re:减小主偏角可增加刀刃工作长度,有利于散热,但在切削过程中使径向力加大,容易产生振动,常取kr=45°~75°,若机床刚性不足,可适当加大。副偏角常取kr=8°~15°。为了加强刀尖,一般应磨出e=0.5~1.0 mm的刀尖圆弧。

4) 刃倾角λs:为了增加刀尖强度,刃倾角一般取λs=-8°~-3°,断续切削时取较大值λs=-15°~-5°。

生产实践中,为了加大切屑变形,提高刀尖强度与散热能力,采用双刃倾角车刀,取得了良好的断屑效果,也加宽了断屑范围,如图1所示。第一刃倾角 λs1≥0°,第二刃倾角在接近刀尖部位,λs2≈-20°,第二刃倾角的刀刃长度lλs2。≈ap/3。
当双刃倾角车刀的g0=20°、a0=6°~8°、kr=90°或75°、倒棱前角g01=-10°、re=0.15~0.2 mm时,在Vc=80~100 m/min、f=0.2~0.3 mm/r、ap=4~15 mm的条件下切削,断屑效果良好,刀具耐用度高。

要求刀具前后刀面的表面粗糙度值小,刀具磨钝标锥VB为加工一般材料的1/2。

7 切削不锈钢时怎样选择刀具断(卷)屑槽和刃口形式?

切 削不锈钢时还应选择合适的刀具断(卷)屑槽,以便控制连绵不断的切屑,通常采用全圆弧形或直线圆弧形断(卷)屑槽。断(卷)屑槽的宽度Bn=3~5 mm,槽深h=0.5~1.3 mm,Rn=2~8 mm。一般情况下,粗车时ap、f大,断(卷)屑槽宜宽而浅;精车时ap、f小,应窄而深些。断(卷)屑槽的形式见图2。

切 削加工过程中,如果发生切屑缠绕在工件或刀具上的现象,表示断(卷)屑槽过宽过浅,可加大进给量,使切屑折断;如果切屑挤轧在槽内,发出吱吱叫声,或切 屑飞溅伤人,表示断(卷)屑槽太窄太深,这时可减小进给量。同时还要注意控制断(卷)屑槽的位置。断(卷)屑槽的尺寸见表3、表4和表5。

表3 外圆车刀断(卷)屑槽尺寸

工件直径
(mm)
半径Rn
(mm)
宽度Bn
(mm)
前角g0
(°)
倒棱尺寸bg
(mm)
≤20 1.5 2 42 精车:0.05~0.10
粗车:0.10~0.20
2.5 3 37
20~40 3 3 30
3.5 3.5 30
4 4 30
>40~80 4 4 30
4.5 4.5 30
5 5 30
>80~200 5.5 5 27 精车:0.10~0.20
粗车:0.15~0.30
6 5.5 27
6.5 6 27.5
>200 6.5 6 27.5
7 6.5 27.5
7.5 7 27.5

表4 镗刀断(卷)屑槽尺寸
镗孔直径
(mm)
半径Rn
(mm)
加工1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢及中等硬度2Cr13马氏体不锈钢 加工耐浓硝酸不锈钢及较硬的2Cr13、3Cr13等马氏体不锈钢
宽度Bn (mm) 前角g0 (°) 宽度Bn (mm) 前角g0 (°)
≤20 1.6 2.0 39 1.6 30
2.0 2.5 39 2.0 30
2.5 3.0 37 2.5 30
>20~40 2.0 2.5 39 2.0 30
2.5 3.0 37 2.5 30
3.0 3.5 36 2.8 28
>40~60 4.0 4.0 30 3.2 24
4.5 4.5 30 3.5 23
5.0 5.0 30 4.0 24
>60~80 4.5 4.5 30 3.5 23
5.0 5.0 30 4.0 24
6.0 6.0 30 5.0 24.5
>80 5.0 4.0 24 3.5 20.5
6.0 5.0 24.5 4.5 22
7 6.0 25.5 5.0 21

表5 切断刀断(卷)屑槽尺寸
切断直径 (mm) ≤20 >20~50 >50~80 >80~120
半径Rn (mm) 2.5 3.2 4.2 3.2 4.5 5.5 4.2 5.5 6.5 5.5 6.5 8
宽度Bn (mm) 3 4 5 4 5 6 5 6 7 6 7 8
前角g0 (°) 37 39 36.5 39 30.5 33 36.5 33 32.5 33 32.5 30

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4 24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting toolaerospace tool .HSS Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolCarbide end millAerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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切削用量对加工不锈钢时的加工硬化、切削力、切削热等有很大影响,特别是对刀具耐用度的影响较大。选择的切削用量合理与否,将直接影响切削效果。

切削速度Vc:加工不锈钢时切削速度稍微提高一点,切削温度就会高出许多,刀具磨损加剧,耐用度则大幅度下降。
为了保证合理的刀具耐用度,就要降低切削速度,一般按车削普通碳钢的40%~60%选取。镗孔和切断时,由于刀具刚性、散热条件、冷却润滑效果及排屑情况都比车外圆差,切削速度还要适当降低。

不 同种类的不锈钢的切削加工性各不相同,切削速度也需相应调整。一般1Cr18Ni9Ti等奥氏体不锈钢的切削速度校正系数Kv为1.0,硬度在 HRC28以下的2cr13等马氏体不锈钢的Kv为1.3~1.5,硬度为HRC28~35的2Cr13等马氏体不锈钢的Kv为0.9~1.1,硬度在 HRC35以上的2Cr13等马氏体不锈钢的Kv为0.7~0.8,耐浓硝酸不锈钢的Kv为0.6~0.7。

切削 深度ap:粗加工时余量较大,应选用较大的切深,可减少走刀次数,同时可避免刀尖与毛坯表皮接触,减轻刀具磨损。但加大切深应注意不要因切削力过大而 引起振动,可选ap=2~5 mm。精加工时可选较小的切削深度,还要避开硬化层,一般采用ap=0.2~0.5 mm。

进 给量f:进给量的增大不仅受到机床动力的限制,而且切削残留高度和积屑瘤高度都随进给量的增加而加大,因此进给量不能过大。为提高加工表面质量,精加工 时应采用较小的进给量。同时,应注意f不得小于0.1 mm/r,避免微量进给,以免在加工硬化区进行切削,并且应注意切削刃不要在切削表面停留。

加工不锈钢的切削用量见表6和表7。

表6 车螺纹和钻、扩、铰孔时的切削用量

工序名称 切削速度Vc
(m/min)
进给量f
(mm/r)
切削深度ap
(mm)
车螺纹 20~50 - 0.1~1
钻孔 12~20 0.1~0.25 ≤17.5
扩孔 8~18 0.1~0.4 0.1~1
铰孔 2.5~5 0.1~0.2 0.1~0.2
注:刀具材料为高速钢

表7 不锈钢的常用切削用量
工件
直径范围
(mm)
车外圆 镗孔 切断
粗加工 精加工
主轴转速n
(m/min)
进给量f
(mm/r)
主轴转速n
(m/min)
进给量f
(mm/r)
主轴转速n
(m/min)
进给量f
(mm/r)
主轴转速n
(m/min)
进给量f
(mm/r)
≤10 1200~955 0.19~0.60 1200~955 0.10~0.20 1200~675 0.07~0.30 1200~955 手动
>10~20 955~765 955~765 955~600 955~765
>20~40 765~480 0.27~0.81 765~480 0.10~0.30 765~480 0.10~0.50 765~600 0.10~0.25
>40~60 480~380 600~380 480~380 610~480
>60~80 380~305 480~305 380~230 180~305
>80~100 305~230 380~230 305~185 380~230 0.08~0.20
>100~150 230~150 305~185 230~150 305~150
>150~200 185~120 230~150 185~120 150以下
注:
  1. 工件材料:1Cr18Ni9Ti;刀具材料:YG8。
  2. 表中较小的直径选用较高的主轴转速,较大的直径选用较低的转速。
  3. 当工件材料和刀具材料不同时,主轴转速应根据具体情况作适当校正。

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4 24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting toolaerospace tool .HSS Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolCarbide end millAerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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由于不锈钢的切削加工性较差,对切削液的冷却、润滑、渗透及清洗性能有更高的要求,常用的切削液有以下几类:

1) 硫化油:是以硫为极压添加剂的切削油。切削过程中能在金属表面形成高熔点硫化物,而且在高温下不易破坏,具有良好的润滑作用,并有一定的冷却效果,适用于一般车削、钻孔、铰孔及攻丝。硫化豆油适用于钻、扩、铰孔等工序。
直接硫化油的配方是:矿物油98%,硫2%。

间接硫化油的配方是:矿物油78%~80%,植物油或猪油18%~20%,硫1.7%。

2) 机油、锭子油等矿物油:其润滑性能较好,但冷却和渗透性较差,适用于外圆精车。

3) 植物油:如菜油、豆油等,其润滑性能较好,适用于车螺纹及铰孔、攻丝等工序。

4) 乳化液:具有较好的冷却和清洗性能。也有一定的润滑作用,可用于不锈钢粗车。

在切削加工过程中应使切削液喷嘴对准切削区,或最好采用高压冷却、喷雾冷却等冷却方式。

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 TEL:+886 4 24710048 / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting toolaerospace tool .HSS Cutting toolCarbide end millsCarbide cutting toolNAS Cutting toolCarbide end millAerospace cutting toolФрезерыCarbide drillHigh speed steelMilling cutterCVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) Core drillTapered end millsCVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool Single Crystal Diamond Metric end millsMiniature end millsСпециальные режущие инструменты Пустотелое сверло Pilot reamerFraisesFresas con mango PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) FreseElectronics cutterStep drillMetal cutting sawDouble margin drillGun barrelAngle milling cutterCarbide burrsCarbide tipped cutterChamfering toolIC card engraving cutterSide cutterNAS toolDIN toolSpecial toolMetal slitting sawsShell end millsSide and face milling cuttersSide chip clearance sawsLong end millsStub roughing end millsDovetail milling cuttersCarbide slot drillsCarbide torus cuttersAngel carbide end millsCarbide torus cuttersCarbide ball-nosed slot drillsMould cutterTool manufacturer.

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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