BW Professional Cutter Expert www.tool-tool.com

There are many kinds of different milling cutters. It may be divided into three categories as below according to its applications.
In fact, they are saying the same tool. The component is tungsten carbide (WC) and took part in the P type, M type, and K type. Micro grain carbide tool is made of tungsten carbide and adding some elements to to increase the hardness and abrasion resistance. Super hard alloy cutting tools is named by Japanese, which is also tungsten carbide cutter.
P, M, and K types are divided according to the different turning material.

• P-type (most common) is suitable for turning mild steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel ....
• K type is suitable for turning of high hardness materials such as cast iron, high-speed steel (HSS) or heat treated material....
• M type is between the P and, K types which is suitable for difficult material or higher tensile strength material such as tin, hydraulic rod ....

Drill cutter and lathe tool depend on cutting volume.
HSSis suitable to produce drill bit cutters. Tungsten carbide is suitable for small cutting amount, good surface roughness or cutting high hardness material.
Turning tools mostly adopt tungsten carbide material, which is rarely used HSS material, unless for special purposes only!
Tungsten carbide steel is low cost, which applicable range is wider. But in some traditional industries, like automobile/motorcycle industries, pick only one type from P,K, and M type. .. but it is not suitable for optical and optoelectronic industry. Those industries mostly require a high surface roughness (mirror finishing) and the shape accuracy of the tool. Hence the basic knowledge of the diamond tool is very important. The general schools have detailed theory only for HSS high speed steel, tungsten steel tool and cutting tool. But we only know and learn the application and characteristics of diamond toolafter we enter into the community.Not only tungsten carbide or the HSS material, but also you can consider the CBN cutters or diamond tools for non-ferrous metals, the benefits are reducing tool change time and its superior performance and tool life.
Any related questions about various cutting tools and diamond cutter, please feel free to ask us, we would be glad to solve your problem.

Bewise Inc., being a professional manufacturer of various cutting tools, is endeavoring to make excellent products. We are very experienced in custom-made tools, and good at solving customers’ problems when they meet difficulties and troubles. Through everlasting research and practices, we understand thoroughly about different materials of cutters and cutting tools.

BW's popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.

繼上一篇【鎢鋼圓鋸片Part1 - 鎢鋼圓鋸片切割】，這一篇為各位介紹鎢鋼圓鋸片中鎢鋼圓鋸片偏差相關要注意的細節!

木材切削用圓鋸片在精準度要不會求太過嚴謹，但要注意，雖圓鋸片在公差規範內，若機台偏差或加工參數不當等因素，仍會造成加工NG，所以造成工件毀損不是單一面向，所以除了要求圓鋸片公差品質外，更要注意可能造成偏差的因素，盡量避免。

鎢鋼圓鋸片偏差小細節要注意：

1. 內孔前磨：內孔需研磨降低表面粗糙度，這樣與機台軸心（無心研磨至鏡面）密和度高，偏差值低。
2. 圓鋸片本身鋼板不夠平整問題：鋼板本身隨著外徑越大其平面研磨時，偏差值就越大，在要求精密切割時，精準度就會受到影響。

鎢鋼圓鋸片JIS規格公差規範:單位（mm）

鎢鋼圓鋸片JIS偏擺公差規範:單位（mm）

外徑	外周刃的擺動動容許值（最大）	側邊刀刃的擺動動容許值（最小）
205	0.08	0.15
255
305	0.10	0.2
355
405	0.15	0.25
455		0.30
510	0.20	0.35
560
610

碧威為專業的刀具,銑刀,鎢鋼,切削刀具製造商，致力於製造優秀的產品，在客製化刀具方面的經驗十分豐富，並擅於幫助客戶解決各式各樣之刀具切削面臨之問題，對各種刀具材質切削刀具鍍模都非常瞭解透徹，可選用常見的鎢鋼及高速鋼或是近來詢問度極高的鑽石刀具。

碧威銑刀熱門產品為圓鋸片、鎢鋼刀、鋸片、木工鋸片、鎢鋼刀具及側銑刀。

機械類則有對刀具加工非常有幫助的冷風槍、渦流管槍，並有最新設計和技術的粉末成型機。

碧威是在刀具製造及機械工具業界中具有足夠水準的製造供應商!

Generally, when working project includes face cutting, outer cutting, and inner cutting three ways and rough or heavy cutting, of course we will try to extend the clamping length, and calculate the suitable pressure.

• Question (1): How to calculate the shortest clamp length without experience?
• Question (2): How to calculate the most proper clamp pressure without experience?

At first we should clarify a concept: When we machine one work piece, the first thing we should think about is “how to cut it into two halves"?

1. The work piece is split in half, we must consider another important issue?
2. How to fold? How long to clamp? Inter clamp or outer clamp? How to set the standard face?

We don’t need to consider above problems if we machine the work pieces of general diameter. But we must consider the wall thickness if we work inner and outer diameters (excessive pressure will cause deformation).

Sum of the above questions:

1. Decided the hold surface
2. The thickness of holding (diameter 2mm. the maximum pressure 1kg/cm square)

For example: the pressure of the gripping surface 15mm long (as large as will not cause any pinch) bore roughing of cut can be unilateral 4mm still will not feed 0.5mm/rev turning length up to 150mm into vibration.

There is no formula for clamping length and pressure, because too many factors to consider (like the work piece shape, cut strength and feed ....)

Suggestions are as following:

thickness unilateral 1mm which pressure is up to 1kg/cm square speed only, 800R.P.M. . the gripping surface should be above 3mm (or more).

Bewise Inc., being a professional manufacturer of various cutting tools, is endeavoring to make excellent products. We are very experienced in custom-made tools, and good at solving customers’ problems when they meet difficulties and troubles. Through everlasting research and practices, we understand thoroughly about different materials of cutters and cutting tools.

BW's popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.

鎢鋼圓鋸片是木製品加工最常用的刀具，木材是一種有纖維絲地天然資源、木料又分為有直絲與橫絲，目前合板會把直絲與橫絲交互編織做成三合板，刀具接近木料時，直紋木料就不易有毛邊，因為是直紋木料與刀具切割時成直線，所以切割不會有毛邊，但是橫紋木料與切割刀具成90度切割，木料纖維會因刀具偏擺、刀具鈍化、加工參數不正確等相關問題，而出現木料毛邊，其切割會毛邊或粗糙不外乎鋸片本身刃銳利度不夠、變形、齒形對應不當、齒數問題、機台操作參數不當、機台本身精準度…，對應不同加工材質硬度特性及切割要求在鋸片選擇上也是很重要，所以切割木料與切割金屬、塑膠、高硬度材料等材料，在刀具設計就會因客戶需求而做修正處理，當然也包括木材料的不同做調整生產刀具。

鎢鋼圓鋸片包含合金刀頭的種類、基體的材質、直徑、齒數、厚度、齒形、角度、孔徑等多個參數，這些參數決定著鋸片的加工能 力和切削性能。選擇鋸片時要根據鋸切材料的種類、厚度、鋸切的速度、鋸切的方向、送料速度、鋸路寬度需要正確選用鋸片，多瞭解刀具本身及工件、加工機台…，對於加工問題能減少效益自然就提升。

圓鋸片常見齒形：

不同的齒形不同排列組合都是針對加工上有特定作用才設計，簡單舉例，一般常見交叉齒（一左一右排列）其最基本目的是加工時較為平刃省力，切削速度快，修磨相對簡單，；另外其他排列，像切割特定需求的軟材時，交叉齒中間再排入一個三角刃形，其功用能補切割稻中間未切割到的工件…。齒排列上，交叉齒適用鋸切實木、刨花板、中密板應選左右齒，能銳利地將木纖維組織切斷，切口平滑；為了保持槽底平整的開槽，則用平齒齒形或者用左右平組合齒；鋸切貼面板、防火板一般選擇梯平齒…

下一篇將來為各位介紹鎢鋼圓鋸片中鎢鋼圓鋸片偏差相關要注意的細節哦!

碧威為專業的刀具,銑刀,鎢鋼,切削刀具製造商，致力於製造優秀的產品，在客製化刀具方面的經驗十分豐富，並擅於幫助客戶解決各式各樣之刀具切削面臨之問題，對各種刀具材質切削刀具鍍模都非常瞭解透徹，可選用常見的鎢鋼及高速鋼或是近來詢問度極高的鑽石刀具。

碧威銑刀熱門產品為圓鋸片、鎢鋼刀、鋸片、木工鋸片、鎢鋼刀具及側銑刀。

機械類則有對刀具加工非常有幫助的冷風槍、渦流管槍，並有最新設計和技術的粉末成型機。

碧威是在刀具製造及機械工具業界中具有足夠水準的製造供應商!

在切削加工中，崩碎切屑會飛濺傷人且易磨損機床， 通常排屑規範是因為在操作CNC設備加工工件時，排屑會造成工件表面刮痕，使 得工件鏡面會有刮傷，例如：長條帶狀切屑會纏繞在工件或刀具上，易刮傷工 件引發刀具破損，甚至影響工人安全等。

對於CNC機床等自動化加工機床，由於其刀具數量較多，刀架與 刀具聯系密切，斷屑問題就顯得更為重要，只要其中—把刀斷屑不可靠，就可能破 壞機床的自動迴圈，甚至破壞整條自動線正常運轉，排屑是屬於回收物料，所以通常不在 乎長度與面積大小，所以在設計、選用或刃磨刀具時，最重要是考慮刀具斷屑的 可靠性（包括工件不刮傷…）。

建議處理方式：

1. 當刀具在切割工件時其溫度需控制，刀具會產生高溫讓排屑帶走高 溫，排屑會因二度高溫造成硬化，使排屑輕易刮到工件。
2. 排屑會因加工路徑改變呈現出來排屑也有不同，可以利用CNC路徑 程式達到片狀切屑長度與面積相同。
3. 經過專門設計銑刀也可以達到片狀切屑。
4. 銑刀設計螺旋方式不同也可以達到片狀切屑。
5. 銑刀設計在刀口幾何上，如OD1與OD2地不同也可以達到片狀切屑。
6. 銑刀在螺旋溝底經過設計也可以達到片狀切屑。
7. 在切割工件利用控制加工參數 也可以達到片狀切屑（如主軸轉述快慢，轉角設定，近幾快慢，切割深度等相關條件）。
8. 複合材料切割時，要達到片狀切屑，這跟複合材料特性有相對關係 ，對應加工材料採用不同的加工方式確保斷屑可靠性。
9. 利用在工件表面上的預先開槽的方法，切出的切屑形成薄弱截面，從而折斷保證了可靠的斷屑，又不影響工件已 加工表面的粗糙度。即使加工韌性較大的材料時，斷屑效果也很好。
10. 利用斷屑器或斷屑裝置。

碧威為專業的刀具,銑刀,鎢鋼,切削刀具製造商，致力於製造優秀的產品，在客製化刀具方面的經驗十分豐富，並擅於幫助客戶解決各式各樣之刀具切削面臨之問題，對各種刀具材質切削刀具鍍模都非常瞭解透徹，可選用常見的鎢鋼及高速鋼或是近來詢問度極高的鑽石刀具。

碧威銑刀熱門產品為圓鋸片、鎢鋼刀、鋸片、木工鋸片、鎢鋼刀具及側銑刀。

機械類則有對刀具加工非常有幫助的冷風槍、渦流管槍，並有最新設計和技術的粉末成型機。

碧威是在刀具製造及機械工具業界中具有足夠水準的製造供應商!

There are many kinds of end mills, which with wide range of applications.
It can be divided into the following three categories:

1. Thimble cutter for machining plane.
2. Carbide cutter for working grooves.
3. Cutters for face milling.

The general specifications of end mills have been standardized, and they are usually produced by professional tool manufacturers. We introduce some popular types of end mills and their applications.

Cylindrical cutter

It is generally whole made with high-speed steel. Spiral cutting edges are scattered on the cylindrical surface, there is no sub-cutting edges. Spiral cutter is gradually cut from the work piece during machining, hence the cutting process is more stable , used on a horizontal milling machine to work the narrow plane which width is less than the cutter length.

Face Milling Cutter

Main cutting edges are scattered on the cylindrical or conical surface, the end cutting edge mostly are sub cutting edges. The cutter axis is perpendicular to the surface of work piece. Tooth material can be divided into high-speed steel and carbide, which are generally made into multi-system sets of tipped tooth structure, body material is 40Cr. Face milling cutter id mainly used in processing the plane and plate of vertical or horizontal milling machine, especially for the larger plane processing, the face milling cutter with main angle 90 ° can machine the plate face of wider bottom. Face milling cutter works the plane with more teeth and the deputy cutting edges of modifying may make the work face less rough so that it can have larger amount of the cutting, higher productivity, and the wide range of applications.

End Mills

It is the most popular one in CNC milling cutter. Its structure, the cutting edge of the cylindrical is the main cutting edge, and side surface of the distribution is sub-cutting edges. The main cutting edge is generally helical, so that it can increase cutting stability and improve the processing accuracy. Regarding ordinary end mills, there is no cutting edge in the center, so it cannot do axial feed during process. The end edge is mainly used for processing the side perpendicular to the basal plane.
End mills are most used for machining grooves, step surface and forming a surface by mold processing .. There are large helix angle rough end mills, corn cutters, and carbide waved-edge milling cutter, their bigger diameter can use a large amount of feed and increase productivity.

Tri-face milling cutters

It can be divided into straight-tooth edge and stagger-tooth tri-face milling, used on the plane of horizontal milling machine and at one or two runs through the end of the shallow trench. In addition to the circumference of the main cutting edge, the sides also with sub-cutting edge, which may improve the cutting conditions and increase the efficiency, reduce the surface roughness. The width and dimension are changed after grinding, the brazed tri-face milling cutters may resolve this problem.

Saw blade cutter

Saw blade cutter itself is very thin, teeth only on the rim of cutter, used to cut the work piece and the narrow slots. To avoid cutter folder, its thickness is thinning from the edge to the center, forming the vice declination on both sides.

Keyway cutter

The shape is similar to end mills. The difference is that there are only two spiral edges on the rim, its blade extends to the center, looks like end mills and also drill bit. While milling side barrier of the keyway, you can make the right amount of axial feed. To be used for processing round closed keyway and use it to processing, for repeatedly vertical and horizontal feed in order to complete the keyway machining.

Bewise Inc., being a professional manufacturer of various cutting tools, is endeavoring to make excellent products. We are very experienced in custom-made tools, and good at solving customers’ problems when they meet difficulties and troubles. Through everlasting research and practices, we understand thoroughly about different materials of cutters and cutting tools.

BW's popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.

1. Hard Material:
   Generally it means higher hardness of the steel material which can be cut, such as alloy steel, die steel. . . etc.
   Applicable to the cutters with coating, such as: TiAlN, TiN.
2. Difficult material:
   It means the difficult-to-cut work piece, such as nickel-based alloys, stainless steel, etc.
   Stainless steel is applicable to the cutting tools with coating like TiALN.
   CBN tools is suitable to cut nickel-based alloy.
3. Soft material:
   It means easy-to-cut cutting materials, such as aluminum, aluminum-magnesium alloy, low carbon steel, etc.
   Aluminum material is applicable to cutting tools of uncoated, containing cobalt, and high helix angle.

Aluminum material is also applicable to carbide cutter.

A variety of different work materials are cut bycutting tools of different materials. However, there are lots of cutting parameters, not only material, nature, shape, and feed, etc, but also manufacturers have lots of experience and information. For those materials which are less usage or used in specific areas, the related information is less, due to less market demand and few makers’ reference data, the failure rate will be higher, so users think this material is difficult to process.

For example, aerospace materials of nickel-based super alloy INCO718 738 is well-known as very difficult work material, the general comment is” the tool is very loss."

Bewise Inc., being a professional manufacturer of various cutting tools, is endeavoring to make excellent products. We are very experienced in custom-made tools, and good at solving customers’ problems when they meet difficulties and troubles. Through everlasting research and practices, we understand thoroughly about different materials of cutters and cutting tools.

BW's popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.