由於不銹鋼所具有耐蝕能力，並在較高溫度(>450℃)下具有較高的強度特性，越來越廣泛地應用於航空、航太、化工、石油、建築和食品等工業部門及日常生活中。所含的合金元素對切削加工性影響很大，有的甚至很難切削。
不銹鋼切削加工特性：
- 加工硬化嚴重
- 切削力大
- 切削溫度高
- 切屑不易折斷、易粘結
- 刀具易磨損
- 線膨脹係數大
不銹鋼加工原則：
- 選用合理的刀具材料
- 改善切削條件
- 選擇合理的切削用量
- 合理設計刀具結構及刀具幾何參數
- 選用適當的切削液和供液方法
各加工方式加工應對：
| |
鑽孔加工 |
鉸孔加工 |
鏜孔加工 |
| 工件材質 |
不銹鋼 |
| 刀具幾何參數設計 |
切削力及切削溫度均集中在鑽尖上，為提高鑽頭切削部位的耐用度，頂角一般選135°～140°，鑽頭的橫刃變寬，造成切削阻力增大，因而必須對鑽頭橫刃進行修磨，修磨後橫刃的斜角為47°～55°，橫刃前角為3°～5°，修磨橫刃時，應將切削刃與圓柱面轉角處修磨成圓角，以增加橫刃強度，後角應以12°～15°為宜，需要在鑽頭兩個後刀面上開交錯分佈的分屑槽。 |
為增強刀齒強度並防止鉸削時產生切屑堵塞現象，鉸刀齒數一般比較少。鉸刀前角一般為8°～12°，但在某些特定情況，為了實現高速鉸削，也可採用0°～5°前角；後角一般為8°～12°；主偏角的選擇視孔的不同而異，一般情況下通孔為15°～30°，不通孔為45°；鉸孔時為了使切屑向前排出，也可適當增加刃傾角角度，刃傾角角度一般為10°～20°；刃帶寬度為0.1～0.15mm；鉸刀上倒錐應較普通鉸刀大，硬質合金鉸刀一般為0.25～0.5mm/100mm，高速鋼鉸刀為0.1～0.25mm/100mm |
為使切削輕快、順利，硬質合金刀具宜採用較大的前角，以提高刀具壽命。一般粗加工時，前角取10°～20°，半精加工時取15°～20°；精加工時取20°～30°。主偏角的選擇依據是，當工藝系統剛性良好時，可取30°～45°；剛性差時，則取60～75°，當工件長度與直徑之比超過10倍時，可取90°。陶瓷刀具均採用負前角進行切削。前角大小一般選應－5°～－12°。這樣有利於加強刀刃，充分發揮陶瓷刀具抗壓強度較高的優越性。後角大小直接影響刀具磨損，對刀刃強度也有影響，一般選用5°～12°。主偏角的改變會影響徑向切削分力與軸向切削分力的變化以及切削寬度和切削厚度的大小。因為工藝系統的振動對陶瓷刀具極為不利，所以主偏角的選擇要有利於減少這種振動，一般選取30°～75°。選用CBN作為刀具材料時，刀具幾何參數為前角0°～10°，後角12°～20°，主偏角45°～90°。前刀面刃磨時粗糙度值要小，刀具刃口應保持鋒利，以減少加工硬化，注意斷屑槽的磨削。 |
| 刀具材料選擇 |
採用硬質合金刀具，可採用金屬陶瓷材料刀具 |
粗鉸時應採用硬質合金刀具，精鉸時可採用高速鋼刀具，可採用金屬陶瓷材料刀具 |
刀具材料應儘量選擇強度高、導熱性好的YW或YG類硬質合金。精加工時也可使用YT14及YT15硬質合金刀片。批量加工上述材料零件時，可採用金屬陶瓷材刀具，及採用CBN（立方氮化硼）刀片， |
| 切削用量選擇 |
切削用量的選擇應從降低切削溫度的基本點出發，一般情況下，切削速度以12～15m/min較為合適。進給量選擇太小將會使刀具在硬化層內切削，加劇磨損；而進給量如果太大，又會使表面粗糙度變差。綜合上述兩個因素，進給量選擇為0.32～0.50mm/r為宜。 |
進給量為0.08～0.4mm/r，切削速度為10～20m/min，粗鉸餘量一般為0.2～0.3mm，精鉸餘量為0.1～0.2mm。 |
加工時宜選用低速和較大進給量進行切削。由於陶瓷刀具有優越的耐熱性和耐磨性，切削用量對刀具磨損壽命的影響比硬質合金刀具要小。一般情況下，用陶瓷刀具加工時，進給量對刀具的破損影響最為敏感，盡可能選擇高的切削速度、較大的背吃刀量和比較小的進給量。 |
| 切削液選擇 |
可採用乳化液作為冷卻介質 |
可採用全損耗系統用油或二硫化鉬作為冷卻介質 |
在鏜削中選用抗粘結和散熱性好的切削液相當重要，如選用含氯較高的切削液，以及具有良好冷卻、清洗、防銹和潤滑作用的不含礦物油、不含亞酸鹽的水溶液，如H1L－2合成切削液。 |
資料來源：網路彙整
碧威為專業的刀具,銑刀,鎢鋼,切削刀具製造商，致力於製造優秀的產品，在客製化刀具方面的經驗十分豐富，並擅於幫助客戶解決各式各樣之刀具切削面臨之問題，對各種刀具材質切削刀具鍍模都非常瞭解透徹，可選用常見的鎢鋼及高速鋼或是近來詢問度極高的鑽石刀具。
碧威銑刀熱門產品為圓鋸片、鎢鋼刀、鋸片、木工鋸片、鎢鋼刀具及側銑刀。
機械類則有對刀具加工非常有幫助的冷風槍、渦流管槍，並有最新設計和技術的粉末成型機。
碧威是在刀具製造及機械工具業界中具有足夠水準的製造供應商!
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不銹鋼通俗地說，不銹鋼就是不容易生銹的鋼，實際上一部分不銹鋼，既有不鏽性，又有耐酸性（耐蝕性）。不鏽鋼的不鏽性和耐蝕性是由於其表面上富鉻氧化膜（鈍化膜）的形成。由於不銹鋼材具有優異的耐蝕性、成型 性、相容性以及在很寬溫度範圍內的強韌性等系列特點，所以在重工業、輕工業、生活用品行業以及建築裝 飾等行業中獲取得廣泛的應用。上一篇”不鏽鋼介紹”有更詳細介紹，此篇介紹各種不銹鋼標準鋼號對照表。
不銹鋼標準鋼號對照表:
中國
GB1220-92[84]
GB3220-92[84] |
日本
JIS |
美國
AISI UNS |
英國
BS 970 Part4
BS 1449 Part2 |
德國
DIN 17440
DIN 17224 |
| 1Cr17Mn6Ni5N |
SUS201 |
201 |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N |
SUS202 |
202 |
-- |
-- |
| -- |
-- |
S20200 |
284S16 |
-- |
| 2Cr13Mn9Ni4 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr17Ni7 |
SUS301 |
301 |
-- |
-- |
| -- |
-- |
S30100 |
301S21 |
X12CrNi177 |
| 1Cr17Ni8 |
SUS301J1 |
-- |
-- |
X12CrNi177 |
| 1Cr18Ni9 |
SUS302 |
302 |
302S25 |
X12CrNi188 |
| 1Cr18Ni9Si3 |
SUS302B |
302B |
-- |
-- |
| Y1Cr18Ni9 |
SUS303 |
303 |
303S21 |
X12CrNiS188 |
| Y1Cr18Ni9Se |
SUS303Se |
303Se |
303S41 |
-- |
| 0Cr18Ni9 |
SUS304 |
304 |
304S15 |
X2CrNi89 |
| 00Cr19Ni10 |
SUS304L |
304L |
304S12 |
X2CrNi189 |
| 0Cr19Ni9N |
SUS304N1 |
304N |
-- |
-- |
| 00Cr19Ni10NbN |
SUS304N |
XM21 |
-- |
-- |
| 00Cr18Ni10N |
SUS304LN |
-- |
-- |
X2CrNiN1810 |
| 1Cr18Ni12 |
SUS305 |
S30500 |
305S19 |
X5CrNi1911 |
| [0Cr20Ni10] |
SUS308 |
308 |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr23Ni13 |
SUS309S |
309S |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr25Ni20 |
SUS310S |
310S |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N |
SUS315N |
316N,S31651 |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
SUS316 |
316 |
316S16 |
X5CrNiMo1812 |
| 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 |
SUS316L |
316L |
316S12 |
X2CrNiMo1812 |
| 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N |
SUS316N |
316N |
-- |
-- |
| 00Cr17Ni13Mo2N |
SUS316LN |
-- |
-- |
X2CrNiMoN1812 |
| 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti |
-- |
-- |
320S17 |
X10CrNiMo1810 |
| 0Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2 |
SUS316J1 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2 |
SUS316J1L |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr19Ni13Mo3 |
SUS317 |
317 |
317S16 |
-- |
| 00Cr19Ni13Mo3 |
SUS317L |
317L |
317S12 |
X2CrNiMo1816 |
| 0Cr18Ni16Mo5 |
SUS317J1 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr18Ni11Ti |
SUS321 |
321 |
-- |
X10CrNiTi189 |
| 1Cr18Ni9Ti |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr18Ni11Nb |
SUS347 |
347 |
347S17 |
X10CrNiNb189 |
| 0Cr18Ni13Si4 |
SUSXM15J1 |
XM15 |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr18Ni9Cu3 |
SUSXM7 |
XM7 |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr18Mn10NiMo3N |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti |
-- |
-- |
320S17 |
X10CrNiMoTi1810 |
| 00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2 |
-- |
S31500 |
-- |
3RE60(瑞典) |
| 0Cr26Ni5Mo2 |
SUS329J1 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr21Ni5Ti |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr13 |
SUS410S |
S41000 |
-- |
X7Cr13 |
| 1Cr13 |
SUS410 |
410 |
410S21 |
X10Cr13 |
| 2Cr13 |
SUS420J1 |
420 |
420S29 |
X20Cr13 |
| -- |
-- |
S4200 |
420S27 |
-- |
| 3Cr13 |
SUS420J2 |
-- |
420S45 |
-- |
| 3Cr13Mo |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 3Cr16 |
SUS429J1 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr17Ni2 |
SUS431 |
431 |
431S29 |
X22CrNi17 |
| 7Cr17 |
SUS440A |
440A |
-- |
-- |
| 11Cr17 |
SUS440C |
440C |
-- |
-- |
| 8Cr17 |
SUS440B |
44013 |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr12 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 4Cr13 |
SUS420J2 |
-- |
-- |
X4DCr13 |
| 9Cr18 |
SUS440C |
440C |
-- |
X105CrMo17 |
| 9Cr18Mo |
SUS440C |
440C |
-- |
-- |
| 9Cr18MoV |
SUS440B |
440B |
-- |
X90CrMoV18 |
| 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb |
SUS630 |
630 |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr17Ni7Al |
SUS631 |
631 |
-- |
-- |
| -- |
-- |
S17700 |
-- |
X7CrNiAl177 |
| 0Cr15Ni7Mo2Al |
-- |
632 |
-- |
-- |
| -- |
-- |
S15700 |
-- |
-- |
| 00Cr12 |
SUS410 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 0Cr13Al[00Cr13Al] |
SUS405 |
405 |
-- |
-- |
| -- |
-- |
S40500 |
405S17 |
X7CrAl13 |
| 1Cr15 |
SUS429 |
429 |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr17 |
SUS430 |
430 |
-- |
-- |
| -- |
-- |
S43000 |
430S15 |
X8Cr17 |
| [Y1Cr17] |
SUS430F |
430F |
-- |
-- |
| -- |
-- |
S43020 |
-- |
X12CrMoS17 |
| 00Cr17 |
SUS430LX |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr17Mo |
SUS434 |
434 |
-- |
-- |
| -- |
-- |
S43400 |
434S19 |
X6CrMo17 |
| 00Cr17Mo |
SUS436L |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 00Cr18Mo2 |
SUS444 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 00Cr27Mo |
SUSXM27 |
XM27 |
-- |
-- |
| -- |
-- |
S44625 |
-- |
-- |
| 00Cr30Mo2 |
SUS447J1 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| 1Cr12 |
SUS403 |
403,S40300 |
403S17 |
-- |
| 1Cr13Mo |
SUS410J1 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
碧威為專業的刀具,銑刀,鎢鋼,切削刀具製造商，致力於製造優秀的產品，在客製化刀具方面的經驗十分豐富，並擅於幫助客戶解決各式各樣之刀具切削面臨之問題，對各種刀具材質切削刀具鍍模都非常瞭解透徹，可選用常見的鎢鋼及高速鋼或是近來詢問度極高的鑽石刀具。
碧威銑刀熱門產品為圓鋸片、鎢鋼刀、鋸片、木工鋸片、鎢鋼刀具及側銑刀。
機械類則有對刀具加工非常有幫助的冷風槍、渦流管槍，並有最新設計和技術的粉末成型機。
碧威是在刀具製造及機械工具業界中具有足夠水準的製造供應商!
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許多難加工材料應用廣泛，其中難加工材料，如不銹鋼中Cr和Ni含量較高，Cr雖能提高不銹鋼的強度和韌性，但增加了不銹鋼與刀具的粘結傾向；Ni可起到穩定組織的作用，但組織塑性大，容易引起加工硬化，採用鎢鈷類硬質合金刀具進行加工，但加工效果並不十分理想。
碧威不銹鋼專用切削刀具是以最新金屬陶瓷材料製作而成，針對成分內含鎳18%以上的難切削材而開發，擁有更好的抗折強度及濕式切削，加工時有更優越的耐損性和穩定性，在加工不銹鋼切削壽命更是鎢鋼刀具5倍以上且在切削表面具有優異的表現。
金屬陶瓷材質刀具切削特性：
- 濕式切削加工時，能具有穩定的切削性能（耐熱衝擊性的提昇）
- 較優越於以往奈米鎢鋼材料種類的耐損性和耐摩耗性
金屬陶瓷材質刀具切削特性：
- 切削刃有再磨自銳效應
- 化學性能穩定性
- 刀片上無浸潤效應
- 刀具其他部分材料向切削轉移可以忽略不計等也是其優點
- Co用作金屬粘結物，取代了Ni與Co混合物，無污染
- 更高的加工安全性
- 應用領域更廣闊
- 保持表面光潔度與精度的能力更強
- 斷續加工能力加強
不同材質刀具之切削測試:
切削方式：不加油、水、切削液（乾式切削）及常溫下切削等條件
| 切削材料 |
不銹鋼 |
| 材料尺寸 |
100*100mm |
| 主軸轉速 |
5000 |
| 進給速率 |
600 |
| 切削總長 |
850mm |
2刃平銑刀/HSS Co 8%-HSS刀具切削刀痕金相圖
4刃圓鼻銑刀/奈米鎢鋼-鎢鋼刀具切削刀痕金相圖
4刃平銑刀/極細超微粒鎢鋼-鎢鋼刀具切削刀痕金相圖
4刃圓鼻銑刀/超微粒鎢鋼-鎢鋼刀具切削刀痕金相圖
金屬陶瓷材質刀具之切削測試:
切削方式：不加油、水、切削液（乾式切削）及常溫下切削等條件
刀具規格：直徑8mm/R0.5/刃長20mm/全長60mm/螺旋角35度
| 切削材料 |
不銹鋼 |
| 材料尺寸 |
100*100mm |
| 主軸轉速 |
5000 |
| 進給速率 |
600 |
| 切削總長 |
3400mm |
金屬陶瓷刀具切削後初期刀痕金相圖
金屬陶瓷刀具切削後期刀痕金相圖
金屬陶瓷刀具介紹測試報告
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不鏽鋼（Inox）不像普通鋼那樣容易腐蝕生鏽。鉻是使不銹鋼獲得耐蝕性 的基本元素，鋼中加入鉻、鎳使其表面會產生防鏽的氧化膜，從而保護鋼材本身受到外界環境中的空氣（尤指氧氣 ）、水、某些酸、鹼的氧化腐蝕，為了保持不銹鋼所固有的耐腐蝕性，鋼必須含有 12%以上的鉻，除鉻外，常用的合金元素還有鎳、鉬、鈦、鈮、銅、氮等，以滿足各種用途對不銹鋼組織 和性能的要求。
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Selection of woodworking cutters
- identify the main technical parameters of the cutter
Main parameters:outer diameter, machining thickness, and the center diameter.
Other technical parameters: number of teeth, the direction of rotation, rotation speed, feed rate, clamping way, and cutter material.
- Choose the structure type of cutter
According the request and characteristics of cutting object, and consideration from both the technical and economic aspects, select the whole cutters or welding cutters, assembly cutters, and combination cutter.
- The choice of the cutter rotation direction
Cutter rotation direction is determined in accordance with the direction of rotation of the processing machinery spindle and the tool axis and the feed of the work piece relative position of the whole cutter, or assembling cutter, the inclination of the cutting blade relative to cutter radius determines the rotation of the cutter direction.
- Selection of cutting amount of end mills
Cutting amount of end mills are including cutting speed, feed speed of work material, and depth of milling. Cutting speed depends on the rpm and the radius of the end mills .. feed rate depends on the requirements of cutting surface .. the surface roughness of work material largely depends on the feed rate per tooth during cutting process, too much feed will cause too rough surface of work piece; too small feed will cause burnt phenomenon on the surface, so the feed rate must be appropriate.
- Operation stability of end mills
The stability of the cutter operation is to ensure that the basis of the machining accuracy and surface quality .. including two aspects: one is cutter excited vibration in machining due to external forces; the other is that cutter happens deformation by external forces.
- Safety of milling process
The safety of the milling cutter includes the limitation of rotation speed, the limitation of chip thickness, height restrictions of molding cutter contour and the thickness of assembly cutter, and stretched limit.
Cutting timber is characterized by high speed cutting, the rotation speed of the milling cutters mostly above 3000 rpm. High speed cutting for timber brings high productivity and smooth surface .., it also brings a series of security problems. Therefore, when the spindle speed up to 9000 rpm, besides the cutter which diameter smaller than 16mm, it should prohibit to use assembly cutters and do strict testing and inspection for welding cutter.
It is necessary to limit chip thickness for avoiding overload of cutters. For end mills, the clamping method, cutter height, and thickness of work piece are with close relationship. When you ensure the thickness of work piece, mill diameter, and center diameter, the height of cutter reflects its own strength, stiffness, and capacity of cutting resistance. The height must be limited to ensure the safety of cutter usage.
The design point of welding end mills is clamping problem. No matter the body is cylindrical or disc-type, the blade clamp form must be guaranteed to provide sufficient clamping force to resist rotation centrifugal force .
Reference sources – China Timber Net
Bewise Inc., being a professional manufacturer of various cutting tools, is endeavoring to make excellent products. We are very experienced in custom-made tools, and good at solving customers’ problems when they meet difficulties and troubles. Through everlasting research and practices, we understand thoroughly about different materials of cutters and cutting tools.
BW's popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.
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超精密加工是指加工誤差小於0.01μm、表面粗糙度小於Ra0.02μm 的加工，又稱之為亞微米級加工。現在，超精密加工已進入納米級，稱之為納米加工。用於製造高精度高表面品質的零件，如大型積體電路的矽片，不僅要求極高的平面度，極小的表面粗糙度，而且要求表面無變質層、無劃傷。光學平晶、量塊、石英振子基片平面，除要求極高平面度、極小表面粗糙度外，還要求兩端面嚴格平行。
拋光研磨方法：
| 研磨方法 |
磨料 |
研磨工具 |
研磨液 |
研磨方式 |
加工機理 |
加工對象 |
| 超精密研磨 |
各種維細磨料 |
鑄鐵
玻璃
陶瓷 |
機油
煤油
水溶液 |
手工研磨
機械研磨 |
以磨料的機械作用為去除加工余量 |
各種形位及尺寸精度高的硬脆材料零件 |
| 超精密拋光 |
各種微細磨料、軟質磨料 |
軟質研具、瀝青等 |
過濾水或蒸餾水 |
透鏡、平鏡研磨機，帶修整輪，加工運動平穩 |
光學零件、石英振子、玻璃等 |
液中研磨
、拋光 |
微細磨料 |
合成樹脂 |
過濾水或蒸餾水 |
研磨運動在液體中進行 |
以磨料的機械作用為主，加上液體的冷卻，分散磨料作用 |
矽片等電子材料 |
化學研磨
、拋光 |
微細磨料 |
無紡織等 |
純水或水溶液 |
研磨壓力大研磨速度高 |
以磨料的機械作用去除化學反應生成物 |
矽等 |
| 軟質磨料 |
玻璃板 |
藍寶石基板 |
機械作用的超精密研磨：
| 超精密研磨種類 |
加工原理 |
| 機械研磨 |
依靠微細磨粒的機械作用對被加工表面進行微量去除，達到高精度的加工表面。 |
| 彈性發射加工 |
加工時使用聚氨脂球作加工頭，在高速旋轉的加工頭與被加工工件表面之間加上含有微細磨粒（0.1～0.01μm）的研磨液，並產生一定的壓力。通過高速旋轉的加工頭所產生的高速氣流及離心力，使磨粒衝擊或擦過工件表面，產生彈性破壞物質的原子結合，從而去除工件表面的材料。 |
| 浮動研磨 |
利用流體力學原理使拋光器與工件浮離，在拋光器的工件表面做出了若干楔槽，當拋光器高速旋轉時，由於油楔的動壓作用使工件或拋光器浮起，其間的磨粒就對工件表面進行拋光。 |
| 磁力研磨 |
磁力研磨是利用磁場將磁性磨料聚集在工件與磁極間之工作間隙內，這些聚集的磁性磨料在磁場的作用下形成一束撓性的磁力刷（magnetic brush），同時產生研磨壓力作用在工件表面上，再藉由工件的旋轉與軸向振動，使磁性磨粒與工件表面之間產生相對運動，而達到精密拋光的效果 |
| 電解磁力研磨 |
電流電壓的陽極接工件，陰極接工具，陰極接欲去除毛刺的工件部位。電解液由泵驅動後經陰極流過陽極工件的毛刺部位到達回流槽。工件以一定的速度旋轉，同時作軸向振動。在垂直於工件軸線及電力線的平面方向上加直流強磁場，在磁場中填入游離狀的磁性磨料，由磁磨料組成的“磨料刷”快速衝擊件表面，去除突起的毛刺和實現光整加工。 |
| ELID研磨 |
電子零件等功能材料之進步是有目共睹的，但對於各種素材零件之加工精度要求則是愈來愈嚴格。其加工技巧之磨料加工技術的研磨、拋光方面，對於高效率、高精度、高品位、超精密、自動化等之期望也很高，滿足其要求的加工技術之一為ELID研磨法。
ELID研磨法為金屬結合砂輪的削銳方法之一，利用電氣化學作用所產生之電解溶出現象，在研磨加工中也可以連續地進行削銳，以保持穩定的銳利度。 |
機械+化學作用的超精密研磨：
| 超精密研磨種類 |
加工原理 |
| 化學機械研磨(CMP) |
CMP 指化學機械研磨 (Chemical Mechanical Polishing)，或稱為化學機械平坦化 (Chemical Mechanical Planarization)。研磨液會與基材產生化學反應，反應生成物以力作用方式去除。利用作用力促進化學反應。 |
| 機械化學拋光(MCP) |
磨料和基材之間由於力作用產生化學反應，在表面形成反應生成物，以力作用方式去除。利用作用力促進化學反應。 |
| 超音波振動研磨 |
超音波震動工具頭的端面與工件表面保持一固定的間隙δ，並在其間充以微細磨粒工作液，當超音波振動工具以一定的頻率振動時，帶動微細磨粒衝擊工件表面，從而對工件表面進行研磨。 |
碧威為專業的刀具,銑刀,鎢鋼,切削刀具製造商，致力於製造優秀的產品，在客製化刀具方面的經驗十分豐富，並擅於幫助客戶解決各式各樣之刀具切削面臨之問題，對各種刀具材質切削刀具鍍模都非常瞭解透徹，可選用常見的鎢鋼及高速鋼或是近來詢問度極高的鑽石刀具。
碧威銑刀熱門產品為圓鋸片、鎢鋼刀、鋸片、木工鋸片、鎢鋼刀具及側銑刀。
機械類則有對刀具加工非常有幫助的冷風槍、渦流管槍，並有最新設計和技術的粉末成型機。
碧威是在
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Following on last introduction of end mill selection, now we continue to introduce the classification of cutter shape and application.
There are square end mill, side cutter, angle cutter, shape cutter, end mill, T-slot cutter, semi-moon key seat cutter, dovetail cutter , as well as face milling cutter.
- Plain milling cutter：
Make cutting edge from a cylindrical rod to mill the plane of work piece, that we called flat cutter .. a cutting flute parallel to axis which is proper for light milling, because all the chips will be into the chip slot which will make the cutter beat, it is not suitable for heavy cutting ..) diagram and (c) diagram of the cutting edge of the spiral can have more than one cutting edge contact with the face milling cutting situation, so it’s more stable ..) diagram of the spiral angle have a better cutting effect since its helix is bigger, and it may reduce the milling vibration, resulting in a smooth surface, it can be used in heavy cutting or machining hard materials ..) helix angle is smaller, which is suitable for cutting middle amount of milling or fine cutting surface of work piece.
(a)Light cutting
plain milling cutter |
(b)Heavy cutting
plain milling cutter |
(c)Finishing cutting
plain milling cutter |
 |
 |
 |
- Side milling cutter：
Side cutter names from its side with cutting edge, divided into flat side milling cutter, hemi-cutter, staggered blade side cutter and interlocking side cutter four types according to the distribution of blades, as below, The flat side milling cutter (as shown in (a)) with edges in circumference and both sides of the blade can be used to slot, mill plane and ride milling. Hemi-cutter (as shown (b) below) with edges on the circumference and single side, which is good for heavy milling.. the blade could be on the left or right, so if the left and right side of the cutter, in the middle set a flat cutter, you can make milling work. Turn staggered cutting edge on both sides of the surface, said helix angle relative staggered blade side cutter (see the (c) below), allows milling force to reduce vibration and beat, always used in high-speed groove and deep feed milling. The following diagram (d) shows the interlocking side cutter, combine the left and right side of the cutter and the blades of both sides is also relatively, which axial thrust offset each other to do right groove milling work .
| (a)Flat side milling cutter |
(b)Hemi-cutter |
(c)Staggered blade side cutter |
(d)Interlocking side cutter |
 |
 |
 |
 |
- Angular cutter：
Cutting edge is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the cutter axis called the angle cutters .. unilateral angle cutters and bilateral angle cutters, as shown below, used for milling angular surfaces, such as the V-shaped groove slot, serrated, beveled and hinged blade teeth.
Unilateral angle cutters cutting edge cutting edge of the cone surface, flat on the cutting edge is the cutter cone into perspective, but also in the left or right side (as shown in a) .. term point of view; bilateral angle cutters, cutting edge on the two intersect the cone on both sides of the angle can be equal or not equal (as shown below (b) below) .. edge angle are equal while the angle of the size of the call.
| (a)Unilateral angle cutters |
(b)Bilateral angle cutters |
 |
 |
- Metal slitting saw：
For milling slots or cutting metal, shown as below:
- Formed cutter：
According to shape of cutting edge, milling its the opposite shape of the work piece, suitable for mass production, shown three popular types as below:
| (a)Convex-type cutter |
(b)Concave cutter |
(c)Gear-type cutter |
 |
 |
 |
- End mill：
Cutting edge on the face and on the periphery of the end mill. Just like drill bit and erection of flat end mills, hence it is often used in milling plane, groove, and contour.
- T-slot cutter：
Cutting edges in the both sides and the circumferential surface, and has a standard taper shank into the connector then put into the spindle .. cutters or side cutters milling a vertical slot on the work piece, and then use the T-slot cutters at the bottom milling to create a wide horizontal slot, it’s the T-slot.
- Woodruff keyseat cutter：
Similar to the side milling cutter, but only with cutting edges on the circumferential surface, and it has a handle, used for milling half-moon shape key set of work piece.
- Dovetail milling cutter：
For machining dovetail set and groove.
- Face milling cutter：
Face milling cutter is much like the sets of shell-side cutter, face milling cutter diameter 150 nm or more sets of rods mounted in the milling machine spindle mouth, face milling cutter for milling flat similar to its work planer .. knife circle cutter for milling work on the plane cutter for fine cut light repair work.
| (a)HSS face milling cutte |
(b)WC face milling cutte |
 |
 |
Conclusion:
- General cutter materials and usage occasion as follows
- High-speed steel cutters:for general purposes, the most widely used.
- Carbide cutter:for high speed cutting.
- Non-ferrous metal casting alloy cutter:suitable for heavy cutting.
- Plain milling cutter
- Straight shank end mill
- Taper shank end mill
- Common end mills:
- Convex-type cutter
- Concave cutter
- Gear-type cutter
- Dove tailstock cutter
- Semi-moon key cutter
article reference - Vocational Training Council
Bewise Inc., being a professional manufacturer of various cutting tools, is endeavoring to make excellent products. We are very experienced in custom-made tools, and good at solving customers’ problems when they meet difficulties and troubles. Through everlasting research and practices, we understand thoroughly about different materials of cutters and cutting tools.
BW's popular products for tool series including circular saw, carbide cutting tool, saw blade, wood saw blade, special tool,side milling cutter, …etc; For machines we have spiral tube cooler, cutter grinder, and the latest design and advanced powder forming machine / pelletizer. Bewise is a superior manufacturer and supplier of cutter production and machinery industry.
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