Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com
Reference source from the internet.
钢材的质量及性能是根据需要而确定的,不同的需要,要有不同的元素含量.
( 1 )碳;含碳量越高,刚的硬度就越高,但是它的可塑性和韧性就越差.

( 2 )硫;是钢中的有害杂物,含硫较高的钢在高温进行压力加工时,容易脆裂,通常叫作热脆性.

( 3 )磷;能使钢的可塑性及韧性明显下降,特别的在低温下更为严重,这种现象叫作冷脆性.在优质钢中,硫和磷要严格控制.但从另方面看,在低碳钢中含有较高的硫和磷,能使其切削易断,对改善钢的可切削性是有利的.

( 4 )锰;能提高钢的强度,能消弱和消除硫的不良影响,并能提高钢的淬透性,含锰量很高的高合金钢(高锰钢)具有良好的耐磨性和其它的物理性能.

( 5 )硅;它可以提高钢的硬度,但是可塑性和韧性下降,电工用的钢中含有一定量的硅,能改善软磁性能.

( 6 )钨;能提高钢的红硬性和热强性,并能提高钢的耐磨性.

( 7 )铬;能提高钢的淬透性和耐磨性,能改善钢的抗腐蚀能力和抗氧化作用.

( 8 )钒;能细化钢的晶粒组织,提高钢的强度,韧性和耐磨性.当它在高温熔入奥氏体时,可增加钢的淬透性;反之,当它在碳化物形态存在时,就会降低它的淬透性.

( 9 )钼;可明显的提高钢的淬透性和热强性,防止回火脆性,提高剩磁和娇顽力.

( 10 )钛;能细化钢的晶粒组织,从而提高钢的强度和韧性.在不锈钢中,钛能消除或减轻钢的晶间腐蚀现象.

( 11 )镍;能提高钢的强度和韧性,提高淬透性.含量高时,可显著改变钢和合金的一些物理性能,提高钢的抗腐蚀能力.

( 12 )硼;当钢中含有微量的( 0.001 - 0.005 %)硼时,钢的淬透性可以成倍的提高.

( 13 )铝;能细化钢的晶粒组织,阻抑低碳钢的时效.提高钢在低温下的韧性,还能提高钢的抗氧化性,提高钢的耐磨性和疲劳强度等.

( 14 )铜;它的突出作用是改善普通低合金钢的抗大气腐蚀性能,特别是和磷配合使用时更为明显.

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