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6 Bor ← Carbon → Kvælstof

Udseende Sort (grafit) Farveløst (diamant) Generelt Navn(e): Karbon, Kulstof Kemisk symbol: C Atomnummer: 6 Atommasse: 12,0107(8) g/mol Grundstofserie: Ikkemetal Gruppe: 14 Periode: 2 Blok: p Elektronkonfiguration: 1s2 2s2 2p2 Elektroner i hver skal: 2, 4 Atomradius: 70 pm Kovalent radius: 77 pm Van der Waals radius: 170 pm Kemiske egenskaber Oxidationstrin: 4, 2 Elektronegativitet: 2,55 (Paulings skala) Fysiske egenskaber Tilstandsform: Fast stof Krystalstruktur: Hexagonal Massefylde: (grafit) 2,267 g/cm3 (diamant) 3,513 g/cm3 Kogepunkt: (subl.) 3727 °C Varmefylde: (grafit) 8,517 Jmol-1K-1 6,115 J·mol–1K–1 Varmeledningsevne: (grafit) (119–165)Wm-1K-1 (diamant) (900–2320) W·m–1K–1 Magnetiske egenskaber: Diamagnetisk Mekaniske egenskaber Hårdhed (Mohs' skala): (grafit) 1–2 (diamant) 10,0

For alternative betydninger, se Kul.

For alternative betydninger, se Carbon (flertydig).

Stenkul drevet i land ved Ebeltoft.

Carbon (også kaldet karbon eller kulstof) er et grundstof med atomnummer 6 i det periodiske system. Symbol C. Carbon er den stavemåde, der oftest bruges i dansk faglitteratur, selvom denne stavemåde ikke er godkendt iflg. retskrivningsordbogen. Carbon er den vigtigste bestanddel i de stoffer, der arbejdes med i organisk kemi og carbon bundet i organiske forbindelser kaldes organisk bundet.

[redigér] Flere former

Grundstoffet carbon findes i mindst 6 krystallinske former, hvoraf de to vigtigste er α-grafit og diamant. Brillant er en diamant med en bestemt slibning, som fremhæver dens lysspil.

[redigér] Anvendelser

Carbon anvendes mange steder:

• Grafit:
  • i blyanter - selve stiften, men blandet med ler og brændt.specielt flydende carbon
  • Carbonpapir
  • Ingrediens i kopimaskine kopipulver.
  • i elektriske modstande - fra gammel tid og til i dag (2006).
• Kulfiber
  • forgafler
  • racercykler
  • eger i fælgen
  • diverse gear
  • Lette fly
  • Skibsmaster
• Diamant
  • Diamantsavklinge
  • Diamantklippebor
  • Glasskærer
• Kul (stenkul, trækul, brunkul)
  • Anvendes over hele verden som brændsel til huse, industri og kraftvarmeværker.
  • "Aktivt kul" anvendes til at rense vand og luft.
  • Moderatorstænger i ældre atomkraftværker.

[redigér] Se også

• Buckminsterfulleren
• Diamant
• Brunkul
• Fullerener
• Grafit
• Organisk kemi
• Trækul

[redigér] Eksterne henvisninger

• 2003-10-17, Science Daily: New Material Breakthrough: Super-hard Graphite Cracks Diamond
• news.bbc.co.uk/14 February, 2003, Coal fires are 'global catastrophe' Citat: "...They said that putting out the fires in China alone would cut CO₂ emissions equivalent to the volume produced by all US automobiles in a year...."
  • 3 November, 2004, BBC News: 130-year-old Chinese fire put out Citat: "...The burning coal emitted 100,000 tons of harmful gases - including carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide - and 40,000 tons of ashes every year, Mr Hou told Xinhua..."
• 2004-01-26, ScienceDaily: One Type Of Carbon So Resilient It Skews Carbon Cycle Calculations Citat: "...graphitic black carbon, similar to the material found in pencil lead, turns out to be so tough..."

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