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Bewise Inc. talaşlı imalat sanayinde en fazla kullanılan ve üç eksende (x,y,z) talaş kaldırabilen freze takımlarından olan Parmak Freze imalatçısıdır. Çok geniş ürün yelpazesine sahip olan firmanın başlıca ürünlerini Karbür Parmak Frezeler, Kalıpçı Frezeleri, Kaba Talaş Frezeleri, Konik Alın Frezeler, Köşe Radyüs Frezeler, İki Ağızlı Kısa ve Uzun Küresel Frezeler, İç Bükey Frezeler vb. şeklinde sıralayabiliriz.

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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個人分類：學術研究

Jul 09 Fri 2010 10:18
前處理的意義C www.tool-tool.com

前處理的意義C www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

整體研磨的應用

(1)清潔,除銹,脫脂

(2) 去毛邊

(3)邊及角的圓滑化

(4)改變表面狀況如表面應力

(5)去除粗糙面(磨平)

(6) 光亮化(磨光)

(7)抑制腐蝕

(8)乾燥

滾桶研磨的形式

(1)Open-end, tilting

(2)Bottienecked

(3)Horizontal actagonal

(4)Triple-action,polygonal

(5)Multiple drums

(6)Multi-compartment

(7)Endtoading

(8)Submerged

滾桶研磨性質(media)與工作的比率決定因素有:

(1)工作尺寸及複雜性 (complexity)

(2)研磨性質堆積性(possibility of media lodging)

(3)工件重疊性(possibility of parts nesting)

(4)加工品質

整體研磨設備之選擇因素

(1) 產品的要求:

1.工件的尺寸及結構

2.批量(batch size)

3.工件的要求

4.工件的控制性(variety of parts)

5.每小時的工作量

6.每年的產量

(2) 品質的要求:

1.工件處理前的品質

2.工件處理後的品質

3. 表面加工程度

4.邊緣狀況

5.工件清潔度

6.邊及表面的均勻性

7.工件與工件間之均勻性

(3) 製程之變化

1.與其他製程的關係

2.自動化的需要

3.處理時間

4.投資金額

5.操作及維護成本

6.消耗物料

7.能源

8.水及廢液排放處理

9.保養及修護

10.場地空間

11.庫存需求

12.人力

13.品管

14.目前及未來需求

整體研磨劑(mass finishing compounds)

(1) 功能:

1.促進及維持工件之清潔度

2.控制ph值,泡沫及水的硬度

3.潤濕表面

4.乳化表面油汙

5.去除銹皮及變色(tarnish)

6.控制工件的顏色

7.懸浮污物

8.控制潤滑性(lubricity)

9.防止腐蝕

10.冷卻做用

11.確保廢液排放符合環境保護公害之規範

(2) 使用方式:研磨劑有固體粉末及液體粉末二種,其使用方式有:

1.批次式(batch)

2.循環式(recirculation)

3.流入式(flow-through)

整體研磨之介質 (finishing media)

介質的功能有:1.磨擦(abrade),2.磨光(burnish),3.分離 (

separate) 工。介質材料有下列幾種：

1.天然介質（natural media）：砂石

2.農產物（agricultural)：木屑，玉米之穗軸，胡桃殼

3.合成介質(synthetic media):氧化鋁

4.陶瓷介質(ceramic media)

5.塑膠結合介質(resin-boned media)

6.鋼介質(steel media)

(1) 介之選用考慮下列因素:

1.毛之去除

2.工件的表面及邊緣加工均勻性

3.塞入孔洞或深凹處

4.處理時間要短

(2) 介質的供應及成本:

1.供應商之可靠性

2.單位重量或容積的價格

3.品質的可靠性

(3) 介質的能力及多功能性:

1.可處理廣範的產品

2.少磨耗性

3.少分列性(reclassificatiopn)

4.少裂開(break)

5.工件間之壓制作用(cushioning action)

整體研磨之故障原因

(1)工件表面過度影響 (excessive impingement)

1.介質使用量不足

2.工件太大

3.速率及頻率太大

4.溶液水平或流量太低

5.研磨削不足

6.研磨削對

7.不正確方法

8.介質不對

(2)工件之邊緣、角及毛邊過度研磨:

1.研磨作用太慢　

2.介質粒子太大

3.介質使用不對

4.速率及頻率太大

5.負荷過大

6.水位不正確

(3)介質堆積在工件孔洞及深凹處:

1.介質尺寸不對

2.介質形狀不當

3.介質過度磨耗折損

4.介質分級不良

1.操作不當中斷

2. 水洗及淨化不足

3.不正確研磨劑

4.產生腐蝕

5.介質太活躍

6.另件相互影響

噴射研磨洗淨(abrasive blast cleaning)

它是將研磨粒子以乾式或液體方式噴射在工件表面上去除污物，銹皮等作調節 (conditjoning)表面以便做進一步之處理。其主要用在:

(1)去除塵埃、銹皮、磨砂、或漆

(2)粗化表面以便油漆及其它被覆處理

(3)去除毛邊

(4)消光處理(matte surface treatment)

(5) 去除物件餘料(flash)

(6)玻璃或陶瓷刻蝕

其它方法可分為乾式噴射洗淨(dry blast cleaning)及濕式噴射洗淨(wet blast cleaning)

乾式噴射研磨洗淨(dry blast cleaning)的研磨材料

其使用研磨材料為:

1.金屬粒子(metallic grit)

2.金屬珠(metallic shot)

3.砂粒(sand)

4.玻璃(glass)

5.農產物 (agricultural products)如胡桃殼、稻殼、木屑

3.16.2 乾式噴射研磨洗淨機器

其所使用之機器設備有:

(1)Cabinet mechine

(2)Continuous-flow mechines

(3)Blasting-tumbling mechines

(4)Portable Equipments

(5)Microabrasive Blasting machines

3.16.3 濕式噴射研磨洗淨(wet blast cleaning)之使用

主要用於:

(1) 去除精密工件之毛邊(burrs)

(2)消光表面處理(matle surface treatment)

(3)檢查研磨、硬化之工件

(4)去除硬工件上之工件記號(tool marks)

(5)去除輕微銹皮

(6)電子另件及印刷電路板去除氧化物以備焊接

(7)去除焊接銹皮(welding scale)

濕式噴射研磨洗淨研磨材料 (Abrasives)

有許多種類及尺寸的研磨材料被使用，尺寸由20-mesh到500-mesh,

研磨的材料有:1.有機物或農產物,如胡核桃,2.無機物如砂、石英、氧化鋁等。

濕式噴射洗淨的流體介物(liquid carrier)

(1) 研磨材料

(2) 防腐蝕劑

(3) 潤濕劑

(4) 防止阻塞劑(anticlogging)

(5) 防(止沉澱劑(antisettling)

(6) 水

濕式噴射洗淨的設備

(1) Cabinet-type mechines

(2) Horizpntal-plane turntable mechines

(3) Vertical wheel-type mechines

(4) Chain or belt conveyor mechines

(5) Shutte-type cabinets with cars and rail extensions

噴射洗淨之安全與衛生

如果有良好的預防則對人身是安全的,其危害身體的部份主要是肺,由於長期吸入粉粒會形成矽肺病,所以工做人員在起初和每年都照x-光經專門醫師檢查肺部x光片。工做人員必需戴頭盔附有空氣供給,特殊的手套,圍巾,及鞋罩。工作室要充份通風,保持空氣乾燥,沒有污染氣體,沒有嗅味。

前處理標準與規範

(1) ASTM A380 Descaling and Cleaning of StainlrssSteel surfaces.

(2)ASTM B183 Preparation of Low CarbonSteel for Electroplating.

(3)ASTM B242 Preparation of High-CarbonStell for Electroplating.

(4)ASTM B252 Preparation of zinc-baseddie castings for Electroplating.

(5)ASTM B253 Preparation of and Electro-plating on Aluminum alloys.

(6)ASTM B254 Preparation of and Electro-plating on Stainless Steel.

(7)ASTM B281 Preparation of Copper andCopper-Based Alloys for Electroplating.

(8)ASTM B319 Preparation of Lead andLead Alloys for Electroplating.

(9)ASTM B480 Preparation of Magnesiumand Magnesium Alloys for Electroplating.

(10)ASTM B322 Cleaning Metals beforeElectroplating.

歡迎來到Bewise Inc.的世界，首先恭喜您來到這接受新的資訊讓產業更有競爭力，我們是提供專業刀具製造商，應對客戶高品質的刀具需求，我們可以協助客戶滿足您對產業的不同要求，我們有能力達到非常卓越的客戶需求品質，這是現有相關技術無法比擬的，我們成功的滿足了各行各業的要求，包括：精密HSS DIN切削刀具、協助客戶設計刀具流程、DIN or JIS 鎢鋼切削刀具設計、NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 航太切削刀具,NAS航太刀具設計、超高硬度的切削刀具、醫療配件刀具設計、複合式再研磨機、PCD地板專用企口鑽石組合刀具、粉末造粒成型機、主機版專用頂級電桿、PCD V-Cut刀、捨棄式圓鋸片組、粉末成型機、航空機械鉸刀、主機版專用頂級電感、’汽車業刀具設計、電子產業鑽石刀具、木工產業鑽石刀具、銑刀與切斷複合再研磨機、銑刀與鑽頭複合再研磨機、銑刀與螺絲攻複合再研磨機等等。我們的產品涵蓋了從民生刀具到工業級的刀具設計；從微細刀具到大型刀具；從小型生產到大型量產；全自動整合；我們的技術可提供您連續生產的效能，我們整體的服務及卓越的技術，恭迎您親自體驗！！

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 http://www.tool-tool.com / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users’ demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting tool、aerospace tool .HSS DIN Cutting tool、Carbide end mills、Carbide cutting tool、NAS Cutting tool、NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 Cutting Tools,Carbide end mill、disc milling cutter,Aerospace cutting tool、hss drill’Фрезеры’Carbide drill、High speed steel、Compound Sharpener’Milling cutter、INDUCTORS FOR PCD’CVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )’PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) ’Core drill、Tapered end mills、CVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool. INDUCTORS FOR PCD . POWDER FORMING MACHINE ‘Single Crystal Diamond ‘Metric end mills、Miniature end mills、Специальные режущие инструменты ‘Пустотелое сверло ‘Pilot reamer、Fraises’Fresas con mango’ PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) ‘Frese’POWDER FORMING MACHINE’Electronics cutter、Step drill、Metal cutting saw、Double margin drill、Gun barrel、Angle milling cutter、Carbide burrs、Carbide tipped cutter、Chamfering tool、IC card engraving cutter、Side cutter、Staple Cutter’PCD diamond cutter specialized in grooving floors’V-Cut PCD Circular Diamond Tipped Saw Blade with Indexable Insert’ PCD Diamond Tool’ Saw Blade with Indexable Insert’NAS tool、DIN or JIS tool、Special tool、Metal slitting saws、Shell end mills、Side and face milling cutters、Side chip clearance saws、Long end mills’end mill grinder’drill grinder’sharpener、Stub roughing end mills、Dovetail milling cutters、Carbide slot drills、Carbide torus cutters、Angel carbide end mills、Carbide torus cutters、Carbide ball-nosed slot drills、Mould cutter、Tool manufacturer.

ようこそＢｅｗｉｓｅ　Ｉｎｃ.の世界へお越し下さいませ、先ず御目出度たいのは新たな

情報を受け取って頂き、もっと各産業に競争力プラス展開。

弊社は専門なエンド・ミルの製造メーカーで、客先に色んな分野のニーズ、

豊富なパリエーションを満足させ、特にハイテク品質要求にサポート致します。

弊社は各領域に供給できる内容は：

弊社の製品の供給調達機能は：

弊社の全般供給体制及び技術自慢の総合専門製造メーカーに貴方のご体験を御待ちしております。

Bewise Inc. talaşlı imalat sanayinde en fazla kullanılan ve üç eksende (x,y,z) talaş kaldırabilen freze takımlarından olan Parmak Freze imalatçısıdır. Çok geniş ürün yelpazesine sahip olan firmanın başlıca ürünlerini Karbür Parmak Frezeler, Kalıpçı Frezeleri, Kaba Talaş Frezeleri, Konik Alın Frezeler, Köşe Radyüs Frezeler, İki Ağızlı Kısa ve Uzun Küresel Frezeler, İç Bükey Frezeler vb. şeklinde sıralayabiliriz.

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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個人分類：學術研究

Jul 08 Thu 2010 17:09
何謂鎳？www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

镍：银白色金属，密度8.9克/厘米3。熔点1455℃，沸点2730℃ 。化合价2和3。电离能为7.635电子伏特。质坚硬，具有磁性和良好的可塑性。有好的耐腐蚀性，在空气中不被氧化，又耐强碱。在稀酸中可缓慢溶解，释放出氢气而产生绿色的正二价镍离子Ni2+；对氧化剂溶液包括硝酸在内，均不发生反应。镍是一个中等强度的还原剂。

镍是一种银白色金属，首先是1751年由瑞典矿物学家克朗斯塔特 (A.F.Cronstedt)分离出来的。由于它具有良好的机械强度和延展性，难熔耐高温，并具有很高的化学稳定性，在空气中不氧化等特征，因此是一种十分重要的有色金属原料，被用来制造不锈钢、高镍合金钢和合金结构钢，广泛用于飞机、雷达、导弹、坦克、舰艇、宇宙飞船、原子反应堆等各种军工制造业。在民用工业中，镍常制成结构钢、耐酸钢、耐热钢等大量用于各种机械制造业。镍还可作陶瓷颜料和防腐镀层，镍钴合金是一种永磁材料，广泛用于电子遥控、原子能工业和超声工艺等领域，在化学工业中，镍常用作氢化催化剂。

元素名称：镍
元素原子量：58.69
元素类型：金属
原子体积:(立方厘米/摩尔)：6.59
元素在太阳中的含量:(ppm) ：80
元素在海水中的含量:(ppm)：太平洋表面 0.0001
地壳中含量：（ppm）：80

原子序数：28
元素符号：Ni
元素中文名称：镍
元素英文名称：Nickel

镍钴合金

相对原子质量：58.69
核内质子数：28
核外电子数：28
核电核数：28
质子质量：4.6844E-26
质子相对质量：28.196
所属周期：4
所属族数：VIII
摩尔质量：59
氢化物：NiH3
氧化物：NiO
最高价氧化物化学式：Ni2O3

氧化态：Main Ni+2
Other Ni-1, Ni0, Ni+1, Ni+3, Ni+4, Ni+6
密度：8.902
熔点：1453.0
沸点：2732.0
声音在其中的传播速率：（m/S）：4900

电离能 (kJ/ mol)
M - M+ 736.7
M+ - M2+ 1735.0
M2+ - M3+ 3393
M3+ - M4+ 5300
M4+ - M5+ 7280
M5+ - M6+ 10400
M6+ - M7+ 12800
M7+ - M8+ 15600
M8+ - M9+ 18600
M9+ - M10+ 21660

外围电子排布：3d8 4s2
核外电子排布：2,8,16,2
晶体结构：晶胞为面心立方晶胞，每个晶胞含有4个金属原子。

镍

晶胞参数：
aa = 352.4 pm
b = 352.4 pm
c = 352.4 pm
α = 90°
β = 90°
γ = 90°

莫氏硬度：4
颜色和状态：银白色金属
原子半径：1.62
常见化合价：+2,+3

镍-发现

发现人：克朗斯塔特
发现时间和地点：1751 瑞典
元素来源：镍黄铁矿 [(Ni,Fe)9S8]

镍锌磁芯

发现过程：1751年，瑞典的克郎斯塔特，用红砷镍矿表面风化后的晶粒与木炭共热，而制得镍。
镍在地壳中含量不小，大于常见金属铅、锡等，但明显比铁少得多，而且镍和铁的熔点不相上下，因此注定它比铁发现得晚。17世纪末，欧洲人开始注意镍砒（砷）矿。当时德国用它来制造青色玻璃，采矿工人称它为 kupfernickel。“kupfer”在德文中是“铜”；“nickel”是骂人的话，大意是“骗人的小鬼”。因此这一词可以义译为“假铜”。当时人们认为它是铜和砷的混合物。

瑞典化学家克隆斯特研究了这个矿物，他得到了少量与铜不同的金属。他在1751年发表研究报告，认为这是一种新金属，就称它为nickel，这也就是镍的拉丁名称niccolum和符号Ni 的来源。镍在欧洲被发现后，德国人首先把它掺入铜中，制成所谓日耳曼银，或称德国银，也就是中国的白铜。

镍-来源及用途

元素来源：矿石经煅烧成氧化物后，用水煤气或碳还原而制得。
元素用途：主要用来制造不锈钢和其他抗腐蚀合金，如镍钢、铬镍钢及各种有色金属合金，含镍成分较高的铜镍合金，就不易腐蚀。也作加氢催化剂和用于陶瓷制品、特种化学器皿、电子线路、玻璃着绿色以及镍化合物制备等等。具有铁磁性的金属元素,它能够高度磨光和抗腐蚀。主要用于合金(如镍钢和镍银)及用作催化剂(如拉内镍,尤指用作氢化的催化剂) ，可用来制造货币等，镀在其他金属上可以防止生锈。

镍-同位素

最稳定的同位素：
同位素丰度    半衰期   衰变模式   衰变能量    衰变产物
                                      MeV
56Ni   人造     6.077天电子捕获    2.136        56Co
58Ni   68.077 %   稳定
59Ni   人造     76,000年电子捕获    1.072        59Co
60Ni   26.233 %   稳定
61Ni   1.14 %     稳定
62Ni   3.634 %    稳定
63Ni   人造     100.1年    β衰变     2.137        63Cu
64Ni   0.926 %    稳定

镍 -基本知识

在自然界，最主要的镍矿是红镍矿(砷化镍)与辉砷镍矿(硫砷化镍)。古巴是世界上最著名的蕴藏镍矿的国家，在多米尼加也有大量的镍矿。
金属镍主要用于电镀工业，镀镍的物品美观、干净、

镍铬线

又不易锈蚀。极细的镍粉，在化学工业上常用作催化剂。
镍大量用于制造合金。在钢中加入镍，可以提高机械强度。如钢中含镍量从2．94％增加到了7.04％时，抗拉强度便由52．2公斤／毫米2增加到72．8公斤／毫米3。镍钢用来制造机器承受较大压力、承受冲击和往复负荷部分的零件，如涡轮叶片、曲轴、连杆等。含镍36％、含碳0.3-0．5％的镍钢，它的膨胀系数非常小，几乎不热胀冷缩，用来制造多种精密机械，精确量规等。含镍46％、含碳0．15％的高镍钢，叫“类铂”，因为它的膨胀系数与铂、玻璃相似，这种高镍钢可熔焊到玻璃中。在灯泡生产上很重要，可作铂丝的代用品。一些精密的透镜框，也用这种类铂钢做，透镜不会因热胀冷缩而从框中掉下来。由 67．5％镍、16％铁、15％铬、1．5％锰组成的合金，具有很大的电阻，用来制造各种变阻器与电热器。
钛镍合金具有“记忆”的本领，而且记忆力很强，经过相当长的时间，重复上千万次都准确无误。它的“记忆”本领就是记住它原来的形状，所以人们称它为“形状记忆合金”。原来这种合金有一个特性转变温度，在转变温度之上，它具有一种组织结构，而在转变温度之下，它又有另一种组织结构。结构不同，性能也就不同。例如：一种钛镍记忆合金，当它在转变温度之上时，很坚硬，强度大，而在这个温度以下，它却很软，容易冷加工。这样，当我们需要它记忆什么形状时，就把它做成那种形状，这就是它的“永久记忆“形状，在转变温度以下，由于它很软，我们便可以在相当大的程度内使其任意变形。而当需要它恢复到原来形状时，只要把它加热到转变温度以上就行了。
镍具有磁性，能被磁铁吸引。而用铝、钴与镍制成的合金，磁性更强了。这种合金受到电磁铁吸引时，不仅自己会被吸过去，而且在它下面吊了比它重六十倍的东西，也不会掉下来。这样，可以用它来制造电磁起重机。镍的盐类大都是绿色的。氢氧化镍是棕黑色的，氧化镍则是灰黑色的。氧化镍常用来制造铁镍碱性蓄电池。二价镍离子常用丁二酮肟来鉴定,在氨性溶液中，镍离子(Ni2+) 与丁二酮肟(Dimethylglyoxime)生成鲜红色沉淀(Ni(dmgH)2)。

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個人分類：學術研究

Jul 08 Thu 2010 17:05
ニッケル www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

ニッケル (羅Niccolum 英Nickel) は、原子番号28の金属元素である。元素記号はNi。

地殻中の存在比は約 105ppmと推定されそれほど多いわけではないが、鉄隕石中には数%含まれ、特に⁶²Niは核子の質量当たりの結合エネルギーが全原子中で最大であるなど、結合エネルギーの点から、鉄と共に最も安定な元素であり、岩石惑星を構成する元素としては比較的多量に存在し、地球中心部の核にも数%含まれると推定されている。

銀白色の金属で鉄族に分類される。原子量は約58.69である。常温で安定な結晶格子は、面心立方構造(FCC)であり、また、鉄よりは弱いが強磁性体でキュリー点は350℃であり鉄族元素としては最も低い。

銀白色の光沢ある金属であり乾燥した空気中ではさびにくいが、微粒子状のものは空気中で自然発火することもあり、細いニッケル線は酸素中で火花を出して燃焼する。水素よりイオン化傾向がやや大きく、塩酸および希硫酸に徐々に溶解し緑色の水和ニッケルイオンを生成するがその反応は極めて遅い。酸化作用を持つ希硝酸には速やかに溶解し濃硝酸では不動態を形成する。アルカリに対しては比較的強い耐食性を示す。

Ni + 2 H⁺(aq) → Ni²⁺(aq) + H₂

3 Ni + 8 HNO₃ → 3 Ni(NO₃)₂ + 2 NO + 4 H₂O

微粒子状の金属粉末は水素および窒素ガスなどを吸蔵し水素付加反応を活性化させる作用をもち、融解状態でもこれらの気体を吸収し、凝固時にその大部分を放出するため表面が巣穴になりやすい。また鉄と同様に融解状態では炭素を 6.25%まで溶解し、凝固するとグラファイトを析出する。

50～60℃で微粉末状のニッケルに一酸化炭素を反応させるとニッケルカルボニルを生成し、これを200℃に加熱する分解してニッケルを生じるためこの反応はモンド法と称してニッケルの精製に用いられる。

Ni + 4 CO $\rightleftarrows\$ Ni(CO)₄

用途

耐食性が高いためめっきに用いられ、ステンレス鋼や硬貨などの原料としても使用される。日本において現在発行されている50円硬貨や100円硬貨は銅とニッケルの合金である白銅貨である。アメリカ合衆国の5 セント硬貨も白銅貨であるが、「ニッケル」という通称で呼ばれている。純ニッケルも硬貨の材料として用いられたことがある。これはニッケルが特殊鋼や薬莢の材料である白銅の原料として重要であるため、国家が備蓄し、平時は硬貨として流通させ、有事に際しては他の素材の硬貨や紙幣で代替して回収するためである。日本でも第二次世界大戦直前の1933年（昭和8年）から1937年（昭和12年）にかけて、5銭と10銭のニッケル硬貨が発行されており、その名目で軍需物資であるニッケルを輸入した。ただし、戦後もニッケル硬貨は発行されていて、1955年（昭和30年）から1966年（昭和41年）まで発行されていた50円硬貨がニッケル硬貨である。

磁性材

ニッケルと鉄にモリブデンやクロムを加えた合金をパーマロイと呼ぶ。優れた軟磁性材料であることから、変圧器の鉄心や磁気ヘッドに用いられている。

耐熱材

ニッケル36%、鉄64%の合金を「インバー」、ニッケル36%、鉄52%、コバルト12%の合金を「エリンバー」と呼ぶ。インバー合金は熱膨張率が非常に小さく、エリンバー合金は温度による弾性率の変化が非常に小さいという特徴があり、機械式時計の発条などの精密機械に用いられている。ニッケルベースの合金である各種のインコネルは、その耐熱性からタービン用コンプレッサ材料等に用いられる。

形状記憶合金

チタンとニッケルの1：1の合金は最も一般的な形状記憶合金となる。

触媒

ニッケルは不飽和炭素結合に対する水素付加の不均一系触媒として工業的に用いられる。

電極材

水酸化ニッケルはニッケル・水素蓄電池やニッケル・カドミウム蓄電池等の二次電池の正極に使われる。

水素貯蔵合金

水素を取り込む性質を利用し、水素貯蔵合金のAB₅型、Mg型。

歴史

アクセル・クロンステット（Axel Frederik Cronstedt）が1751年に単体分離。名称はドイツ語のKupfernickel （悪魔の銅）に由来する。これは、ニッケル鉱石である紅砒ニッケル鉱 (NiAs)が銅鉱石に似ていながらこれから銅を遊離できなかったために、坑夫達がこう呼んだためと言われている。

日本のニッケル鉱山と産出

日本では第二次世界大戦中、京都府与謝郡の大江山で開発されたニッケル鉱山で日本冶金工業が採鉱して、近くの製錬所でフェロニッケルに製錬し、さらに川崎市の同社工場でニッケル合金として軍用に提供していた。

詳細は「大江山鉱山」を参照

また山口県においても、山口県周南市～岩国市にかけて断続的に蛇紋岩帯があり、昭和15年～20年にかけて金峰鉱山などで採掘が行なわれた。

この金属は、日本国内において産業上重要性が高いものの、産出地に偏りがあり^[1]供給構造が脆弱である。日本では国内で消費する鉱物資源の多くを他国からの輸入で支えている実情から、万一の国際情勢の急変に対する安全保障策として国内消費量の最低60日分を国家備蓄すると定められている。

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Nickel is a chemical element, with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. It is one of the four ferromagnetic elements that exist around room temperature, the other three being iron, cobalt and gadolinium.

The use of nickel has been traced as far back as 3500 BC, but it was first isolated and classified as a chemical element in 1751 by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, who initially mistook its ore for a copper mineral. Its most important ore minerals are laterites, including limonite and garnierite, and pentlandite. Major production sites include Sudbury region in Canada, New Caledonia and Norilsk in Russia. The metal is corrosion-resistant, finding many uses in alloys, as a plating, in the manufacture of coins, magnets and common household utensils, as a catalyst for hydrogenation, and in a variety of other applications. Enzymes of certain life-forms contain nickel as an active center, which makes the metal an essential nutrient for those life forms.

Atomic

The electronic configuration of isolated nickel atom is counterintuitive: direct investigation

finds that the predominant electron structure of nickel is [Ar] 4s¹ 3d⁹, which is the more stable form because of relativistic effects. Whereas Hund's rule, which works well for most other elements, predicts an electron shell structure of [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² (the symbol [Ar] refers to the argon-like core structure). This latter configuration is found in many chemistry textbooks and is also written as [Ar] 4s² 3d⁸, to emphasize that the 3d shell is the electron shell being filled by the highest-energy electrons.

Physical

Nickel is a silvery-white metal with a slight golden tinge that takes a high polish. It is one of only four elements that are magnetic at or near room temperature. Its Curie temperature is 355 °C. That is, nickel is non-magnetic above this temperature.The unit cell of nickel is a face centered cube with the lattice parameter of 0.352 nm giving an atomic radius of 0.124 nm. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.

Isotopes

Main article: Isotopes of nickel

Naturally occurring nickel is composed of 5 stable isotopes; ⁵⁸Ni, ⁶⁰Ni, ⁶¹Ni, ⁶²Ni and ⁶⁴Ni with ⁵⁸Ni being the most abundant (68.077% natural abundance). ⁶²Ni is one of the most stable nuclides of all the existing elements, second in stability only to ⁵⁶Fe. 18 radioisotopes have been characterised with the most stable being ⁵⁹Ni with a half-life of 76,000 years, ⁶³Ni with a half-life of 100.1 years, and ⁵⁶Ni with a half-life of 6.077 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 60 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 30 seconds. This element also has 1 meta state.

Nickel-56 is produced by the silicon burning process and later set free in large quantities during type Ia supernovae. Indeed, the shape of the light curve of these supernovae at intermediate to late-times corresponds to the decay via electron capture of nickel-56 to cobalt-56 and ultimately to iron-56.Nickel-59 is a long-lived cosmogenic radionuclide with a half-life of 76,000 years. ⁵⁹Ni has found many applications in isotope geology. ⁵⁹Ni has been used to date the terrestrial age of meteorites and to determine abundances of extraterrestrial dust in ice and sediment. Nickel-60 is the daughter product of the extinct radionuclide ⁶⁰Fe, which decays with a half-life of 2.6 million years. Because ⁶⁰Fe has such a long half-life, its persistence in materials in the solar system at high enough concentrations may have generated observable variations in the isotopic composition of ⁶⁰Ni. Therefore, the abundance of ⁶⁰Ni present in extraterrestrial material may provide insight into the origin of the solar system and its early history. Nickel-62 has the highest binding energy per nucleon of any isotope for any element (8.7946 Mev/nucleon). Isotopes heavier than ⁶²Ni cannot be formed by nuclear fusion without losing energy. Nickel-48, discovered in 1999, is the most proton-rich heavy element isotope known. With 28 protons and 20 neutrons ⁴⁸Ni is "double magic" (like ²⁰⁸Pb) and therefore unusually stable.The isotopes of nickel range in atomic weight from 48 u (⁴⁸Ni) to 78 u (⁷⁸Ni). Nickel-78's half-life was recently measured to be 110 milliseconds and is believed to be an important isotope involved in supernova nucleosynthesis of elements heavier than iron.

Chemical

Nickel(II)

Nickel sulfate crystals

Nickel(II) compounds are known with all common anions, i.e. the sulfide, sulfate, carbonate, hydroxide, carboxylates, and halides. Nickel(II) sulfate is produced in large quantities by dissolving nickel metal or oxides in sulfuric acid. It exists as both a hexa- and heptahydrates.This compound is useful for electroplating nickel.

The four halogens form nickel compounds, all of which adopt octahedral geometries. Nickel(II) chloride is of particular significance, and its behavior is illustrative of the other halides. Nickel(II) chloride is produced by dissolving nickel residues in hydrochloric acid. The dichloride is usually encountered as the green hexahydrate, but it can be dehydrated to give the yellow anhydrous NiCl₂. Some tetracoordinate nickel(II) complexes form both tetrahedral and square planar geometries. The tetrahedral complexes are paramagnetic and the square planar complexes are diamagnetic. This equilibrium as well as the formation of octahedral complexes contrasts with the behavior of the divalent complexes of the heavier group 10 metals, palladium(II) and platinum(II), which tend to adopt only square-planar complexes.^[10]

Nickelocene is known; it has an electron count of 20, making it relatively unstable.

Nickel(III)

Nickel(III) oxide is used as the cathode in many rechargeable batteries, including nickel-cadmium, nickel-iron, nickel hydrogen, and nickel-metal hydride, and used by certain manufacturers in Li-ion batteries

Creation

The stable form of nickel is created in supernovas via the r-process.

History

Because the ores of nickel are easily mistaken for ores of silver, understanding of this metal and its use dates to relatively recent times. However, the unintentional use of nickel is ancient, and can be traced back as far as 3500 BC. Bronzes from what is now Syria had contained up to 2% nickel.Further, there are Chinese manuscripts suggesting that "white copper" (cupronickel, known as baitung) was used there between 1700 and 1400 BC. This Paktong white copper was exported to Britain as early as the 17th century, but the nickel content of this alloy was not discovered until 1822.In medieval Germany, a red mineral was found in the Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) which resembled copper ore. However, when miners were unable to extract any copper from it they blamed a mischievous sprite of German mythology, Nickel (similar to Old Nick) for besetting the copper. They called this ore Kupfernickel from the German Kupfer for copper. This ore is now known to be nickeline or niccolite, a nickel arsenide. In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt was attempting to extract copper from kupfernickel and obtained instead a white metal that he named after the spirit which had given its name to the mineral, nickel.In modern German, Kupfernickel or Kupfer-Nickel designates the alloy cupronickel.

In the United States, the term "nickel" or "nick" was originally applied to the copper-nickel Indian cent coin introduced in 1859. Later, the name designated the three-cent coin introduced in 1865, and the following year the five-cent shield nickel appropriated the designation, which has remained ever since. Coins of pure nickel were first used in 1881 in Switzerland.After its discovery the only source for nickel was the rare Kupfernickel, but from 1824 on the nickel was obtained as byproduct of cobalt blue production. The first large scale producer of nickel was Norway, which exploited nickel rich pyrrhotite from 1848 on. The introduction of nickel in steel production in 1889 increased the demand for nickel and the nickel deposits of New Caledonia, which were discovered in 1865, provided most of the world's supply between 1875 and 1915. The discovery of the large deposits in the Sudbury Basin, Canada in 1883, in Norilsk-Talnakh, Russia in 1920 and in the Merensky Reef, South Africa in 1924 made large-scale production of nickel possible.

Occurrence

Widmanstätten pattern showing the two forms of Nickel-Iron, Kamacite and Taenite, in an octahedrite meteorite

The bulk of the nickel mined comes from two types of ore deposits. The first are laterites where the principal ore minerals are nickeliferous limonite: (Fe, Ni)O(OH) and garnierite (a hydrous nickel silicate): (Ni, Mg)₃Si₂O₅(OH). The second are magmatic sulfide deposits where the principal ore mineral is pentlandite: (Ni, Fe)₉S₈.

In terms of supply, the Sudbury region of Ontario, Canada, produces about 30% of the world's supply of nickel. The Sudbury Basin deposit is theorized to have been created by a meteorite impact event early in the geologic history of Earth. Russia contains about 40% of the world's known resources at the Norilsk deposit in Siberia. The Russian mining company MMC Norilsk Nickel obtains the nickel and the associated palladium for world distribution. Other major deposits of nickel are found in New Caledonia, France, Australia, Cuba, and Indonesia. Deposits found in tropical areas typically consist of laterites which are produced by the intense weathering of ultramafic igneous rocks and the resulting secondary concentration of nickel bearing oxide and silicate minerals. Recently, a nickel deposit in western Turkey had been exploited, with this location being especially convenient for European smelters, steelmakers and factories. The one locality in the United States where nickel was commercially mined is Riddle, Oregon, where several square miles of nickel-bearing garnierite surface deposits are located. The mine closed in 1987.In 2005, Russia was the largest producer of nickel with about one-fifth world share closely followed by Canada, Australia and Indonesia, as reported by the British Geological Survey.

Based on geophysical evidence, most of the nickel on Earth is postulated to be concentrated in the Earth's core. Kamacite and taenite are naturally occurring alloys of iron and nickel. For kamacite the alloy is usually in the proportion of 90:10 to 95:5 although impurities such as cobalt or carbon may be present, while for taenite the nickel content is between 20% and 65%. Kamacite and taenite occur in nickel-iron meteorites.

Extraction and purification

Nickel output in 2005

Nickel is recovered through extractive metallurgy. Most sulfide ores have traditionally been processed using pyrometallurgical techniques to produce a matte for further refining. Recent advances in hydrometallurgy have resulted in recent nickel processing operations being developed using these processes. Most sulfide deposits have traditionally been processed by concentration through a froth flotation process followed by pyrometallurgical extraction.

Nickel is extracted from its ores by conventional roasting and reduction processes which yield a metal of greater than 75% purity. Final purification of nickel oxides is performed via the Mond process, which increases the nickel concentrate to greater than 99.99% purity. This process was patented by L. Mond and was used in South Wales in the 20th century. Nickel is reacted with carbon monoxide at around 50 °C to form volatile nickel carbonyl. Any impurities remain solid while the nickel carbonyl gas passes into a large chamber at high temperatures in which tens of thousands of nickel spheres, called pellets, are constantly stirred. The nickel carbonyl decomposes, depositing pure nickel onto the nickel spheres. Alternatively, the nickel carbonyl may be decomposed in a smaller chamber at 230 °C to create fine nickel powder. The resultant carbon monoxide is re-circulated through the process. The highly pure nickel produced by this process is known as carbonyl nickel. A second common form of refining involves the leaching of the metal matte followed by the electro-winning of the nickel from solution by plating it onto a cathode. In many stainless steel applications, 75% pure nickel can be used without further purification depending on the composition of the impurities.

Nickel sulfide ores undergo flotation (differential flotation if Ni/Fe ratio is too low) and then are smelted. After producing the nickel matte, further processing is done via the Sherritt-Gordon process. First copper is removed by adding hydrogen sulfide, leaving a concentrate of only cobalt and nickel. Solvent extraction then efficiently separates the cobalt and nickel, with the final nickel concentration greater than 99%.

Metal value

The market price of nickel surged throughout 2006 and the early months of 2007; as of April 5, 2007, the metal was trading at 52,300 USD/tonne or 1.47 USD/oz.^[26] The price subsequently fell dramatically from these peaks, and as of 19 January 2009 the metal was trading at 10,880 USD/tonne.The US nickel coin contains 0.04 oz (1.25 g) of nickel, which at the April 2007 price was worth 6.5 cents, along with 3.75 grams of copper worth about 3 cents, making the metal value over 9 cents. Since the face value of a nickel is 5 cents, this made it an attractive target for melting by people wanting to sell the metals at a profit. However, the United States Mint, in anticipation of this practice, implemented new interim rules on December 14, 2006, subject to public comment for 30 days, which criminalize the melting and export of cents and nickels.Violators can be punished with a fine of up to $10,000 and/or imprisoned for a maximum of five years.

As of June 24, 2009 the melt value of a U.S. nickel is $0.0363145 which is less than the face value.

Applications

Nickel superalloy jet engine (RB199) turbine blade

Nickel is used in many industrial and consumer products, including stainless steel, magnets, coinage, rechargeable batteries, electric guitar strings and special alloys. It is also used for plating and as a green tint in glass. Nickel is pre-eminently an alloy metal, and its chief use is in the nickel steels and nickel cast irons, of which there are many varieties. It is also widely used in many other alloys, such as nickel brasses and bronzes, and alloys with copper, chromium, aluminium, lead, cobalt, silver, and gold.

Nickel plated neodymium magnet on a bracket from a hard drive.

The amounts of nickel used for various applications are 60% used for making nickel steels, 14% used in nickel-copper alloys and nickel silver, 9% used to make malleable nickel, nickel clad, Inconel and other superalloys, 6% used in plating, 3% use for nickel cast irons, 3% in heat and electric resistance alloys, such as Nichrome, 2% used for nickel brasses and bronzes with the remaining 3% of the nickel consumption in all other applications combined.^[ In the laboratory, nickel is frequently used as a catalyst for hydrogenation, sometimes Raney nickel, a finely divided form of the metal alloyed with aluminium which adsorbs hydrogen gas. Nickel is often used in coins, or occasionally as a substitute for decorative silver. The American 'nickel' five-cent coin is 75% copper and 25% nickel. The Canadian nickel minted at various periods between 1922-81 was 99.9% nickel, and was magnetic.Various other nations have historically used and still use nickel in their coinage.

Nickel is also used in fire assay as a collector of platinum group elements, as it is capable of full collection of all 6 elements, in addition to partial collection of gold. This is seen through the nature of nickel as a metal, as high throughput nickel mines may run PGE recovery (primarily platinum and palladium), such as Norilsk in Russia and the Sudbury Basin in Canada.

Nickel foam or nickel mesh is used in gas diffusion electrodes for alkaline fuel cells.

Biological role

Although not recognized until the 1970s, nickel plays important roles in the biology of microorganisms and plants. In fact urease (an enzyme which assists in the hydrolysis of urea) contains nickel. The NiFe-hydrogenases contain nickel in addition to iron-sulfur clusters. Such [NiFe]-hydrogenases characteristically oxidise H₂. A nickel-tetrapyrrole coenzyme, F430, is present in the methyl coenzyme M reductase which powers methanogenic archaea. One of the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase enzymes consists of an Fe-Ni-S cluster. Other nickel-containing enzymes include a class of superoxide dismutaseand a glyoxalase.

Toxicity

Exposure to nickel metal and soluble compounds should not exceed 0.05 mg/cm³ in nickel equivalents per 40-hour work week. Nickel sulfide fume and dust is believed to be carcinogenic, and various other nickel compounds may be as well.^[39]^[40] Nickel carbonyl, [Ni(CO)₄], is an extremely toxic gas. The toxicity of metal carbonyls is a function of both the toxicity of the metal as well as the carbonyl's ability to give off highly toxic carbon monoxide gas, and this one is no exception. It is explosive in air.^[41]^[42] Sensitized individuals may show an allergy to nickel affecting their skin, also known as dermatitis. Sensitivity to nickel may also be present in patients with pompholyx. Nickel is an important cause of contact allergy, partly due to its use in jewellery intended for pierced ears.^[43] Nickel allergies affecting pierced ears are often marked by itchy, red skin. Many earrings are now made nickel-free due to this problem. The amount of nickel which is allowed in products which come into contact with human skin is regulated by the European Union. In 2002 researchers found amounts of nickel being emitted by 1 and 2 Euro coins far in excess of those standards. This is believed to be due to a galvanic reaction.It was voted Allergen of the Year in 2008 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society.

歡迎來到Bewise Inc.的世界，首先恭喜您來到這接受新的資訊讓產業更有競爭力，我們是提供專業刀具製造商，應對客戶高品質的刀具需求，我們可以協助客戶滿足您對產業的不同要求，我們有能力達到非常卓越的客戶需求品質，這是現有相關技術無法比擬的，我們成功的滿足了各行各業的要求，包括：精密HSS DIN切削刀具、協助客戶設計刀具流程、DIN or JIS 鎢鋼切削刀具設計、NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 航太切削刀具,NAS航太刀具設計、超高硬度的切削刀具、醫療配件刀具設計、複合式再研磨機、PCD地板專用企口鑽石組合刀具、粉末造粒成型機、主機版專用頂級電桿、PCD V-Cut刀、捨棄式圓鋸片組、粉末成型機、航空機械鉸刀、主機版專用頂級電感、’汽車業刀具設計、電子產業鑽石刀具、木工產業鑽石刀具、銑刀與切斷複合再研磨機、銑刀與鑽頭複合再研磨機、銑刀與螺絲攻複合再研磨機等等。我們的產品涵蓋了從民生刀具到工業級的刀具設計；從微細刀具到大型刀具；從小型生產到大型量產；全自動整合；我們的技術可提供您連續生產的效能，我們整體的服務及卓越的技術，恭迎您親自體驗！！

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 http://www.tool-tool.com / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users’ demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting tool、aerospace tool .HSS DIN Cutting tool、Carbide end mills、Carbide cutting tool、NAS Cutting tool、NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 Cutting Tools,Carbide end mill、disc milling cutter,Aerospace cutting tool、hss drill’Фрезеры’Carbide drill、High speed steel、Compound Sharpener’Milling cutter、INDUCTORS FOR PCD’CVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )’PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) ’Core drill、Tapered end mills、CVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool. INDUCTORS FOR PCD . POWDER FORMING MACHINE ‘Single Crystal Diamond ‘Metric end mills、Miniature end mills、Специальные режущие инструменты ‘Пустотелое сверло ‘Pilot reamer、Fraises’Fresas con mango’ PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) ‘Frese’POWDER FORMING MACHINE’Electronics cutter、Step drill、Metal cutting saw、Double margin drill、Gun barrel、Angle milling cutter、Carbide burrs、Carbide tipped cutter、Chamfering tool、IC card engraving cutter、Side cutter、Staple Cutter’PCD diamond cutter specialized in grooving floors’V-Cut PCD Circular Diamond Tipped Saw Blade with Indexable Insert’ PCD Diamond Tool’ Saw Blade with Indexable Insert’NAS tool、DIN or JIS tool、Special tool、Metal slitting saws、Shell end mills、Side and face milling cutters、Side chip clearance saws、Long end mills’end mill grinder’drill grinder’sharpener、Stub roughing end mills、Dovetail milling cutters、Carbide slot drills、Carbide torus cutters、Angel carbide end mills、Carbide torus cutters、Carbide ball-nosed slot drills、Mould cutter、Tool manufacturer.

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Bewise Inc. talaşlı imalat sanayinde en fazla kullanılan ve üç eksende (x,y,z) talaş kaldırabilen freze takımlarından olan Parmak Freze imalatçısıdır. Çok geniş ürün yelpazesine sahip olan firmanın başlıca ürünlerini Karbür Parmak Frezeler, Kalıpçı Frezeleri, Kaba Talaş Frezeleri, Konik Alın Frezeler, Köşe Radyüs Frezeler, İki Ağızlı Kısa ve Uzun Küresel Frezeler, İç Bükey Frezeler vb. şeklinde sıralayabiliriz.

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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個人分類：學術研究

Jul 08 Thu 2010 17:00
表面處理概論www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

金屬經初步加工成型後需修飾金屬表面,美化金屬表面 ,更進一步改變金屬表面的機械性質及物理化學性質等之各種操作過程,稱之為金屬表面處理.或稱之金屬表面加工(metal surface finishing).

表面處理的目的可以分四大類:

(1) 美觀(appearance)

為了提高製品之附加價值,賦予製品表面美觀,例如裝飾性電鍍
(decorative plating) Au, Ag, Rh, Ni, Cr,黃銅等電鍍 (electroplating).

(2) 防護(protection)

為了延長製品的壽命,再製品表面披覆(coating)耐腐蝕之材料,例如保護性電鍍 (protective plating) Zn,Cd,Ni,Cr,Sn 等電鍍.

(3) 特殊表面性質(special surface properties)

1. 提高製品之導電性(electrical conductiuity),例如電鍍Ag,Cu.
2. 提高焊接性(soderability)在通訊急電子工業應用,例如Sn-Pb 合金電鍍.
3. 提高光線之反射性(light reflectivity ) 例如太空船,人造衛星的外殼需
反射光線,Ag及Rh的鍍層被應用上.
4. 減小接觸阻抗(contact resistance)例如在電子組件之Au及Pd電鍍.

(4) 機械或工程性質(mechanical or engineering properties )

1. 提高製品之強度(strenth),例如塑膠電鍍.
2. 提高製品之潤滑性 ( bearing propertries ) 例如多孔洛電鍍
   (porous chromium plating), 內燃機之鋁合金活塞 (piston) ,鍍   錫Sn以防止汽缸 (cylinder)壁刮傷.
3. 增加硬度(hardness)及耐磨性(wear resistance) ,例如硬洛電鍍(    hard chromium plating).
4. 提高製品之耐熱性,耐候性,抗幅射線,例如塑膠,非金屬之電鍍.
5. 滲碳(carburizing) ,氮化(nitriding) 之防止,例如鋼鐵表面硬化    (case hardening)時在不要硬化部份鍍Cu.

表面處理工業雖然不是工業之主流,但只有透過表面處理,製品的特性及價值才能充份發揮出來.應用電鍍(plating),陽極處理(anodizing),化成處理(convesion coating),塗裝(coating)等工業技術,達到防蝕,增進可焊性,潤滑性,耐磨性,附著性及鋼材防止滲碳等的多項目的.

所以表面處理為各種加工製造工業不可或缺的過從傳統工業到近代高科技,表面處理技術一直扮演非常重要性之角色.例如太空船,人造衛星,積體電路等之發展表面處理技術都有決定性之影響.由於表面處理對材料月異,帶動相關科技工程之進步.

表面處理技術之種類從表面處理之特性可分類:

表
_____ 機械法 __ 珠擊法,切削,搪磨,撒砂,精磨,研磨,超加工.
面
_____ 冶金法 __ 表面硬化,(淬火,滲碳,氮化),擴散皮膜法.
形
_____ 化學法 __ 電解研磨,酸洗,化學研磨,酸蝕雕刻.
成

表
_____ 表面披覆__ 電鍍,無電鍍,熱浸鍍,熔射鍍,真空蒸著,陰極噴濺,
面
_____ 無機披覆__ 陽極處理,化成處理,著色,琺瑯處理.
披
_____ 有機披覆__ 塗裝,橡膠加襯,塑膠加襯.

裝飾電鍍(decorative plating)

裝飾電鍍之主要目的改進產品之外觀,提高產品附加價值,其主要產品如項鍊,胸針,耳環等飾物,合法登記之裝飾電鍍廠不足十分之一,地下小廠不需付稅捐,廢水處裡費用等,導致小廠吃大廠,劣幣逐良幣之反淘汰之惡性循環. 所以發展之方向應為大廠增添新設備,提高技術水準,提高產品品質,加強取締公害,自然促使非法及小廠淘或合併經營才能進一步發展.

工程電鍍(engineering plating）

工程電鍍之目的是增加產品之耐蝕力,延長使用壽命,改進機械性質等.現在許多精密模具無法使用機械加工, 也使用電鍍法, 稱之為電鑄 (electroforming).工之規模較大,許多操作採用自動化,多附屬於大規模較大機器製造廠.

獨立之工程電鍍廠也大都與大型機器金屬製造廠訂有長期加工契約,其惡性競爭較裝飾性電鍍小,筍嵹禤a經濟發展,工程電鍍技術水準必須精益求精,力爭上游,其發展是大有可為的工程電鍍使用支援料數量鉅大,因此廢物處理之公害問題需特別重視,稍一不慎將造成不可收拾的公害.

一般中小廠為節省開支沒有廢物處理設備,或有也只供參觀檢查時之用,浪費投資,罔顧員工及環境之安全與衛生.故今後發展方向為如何協助,促使這些小廠家合併始引進或研究開發更經濟更有效新技術.工程電鍍用之化學品如進鍍成性質之添加劑,多為國外原料供應商之機密,利潤甚高,若能長期研究必能研就發展成功替代品,以減低本國電鍍工業之成本.

鍍錫(tin plating)

鍍錫生產應往高速率之連續生產方向發展,唯有使用高度自動化設備才能節省日益高漲之連續工資及能源.此種設備國內無法設計製造, 需向國外引進技術,近年來使用鋁罐,鋁箔,塑膠瓶罐,臘紙盒,玻璃瓶等材料越來越普遍, 佔去馬口鐵很大的市場尤其一些錫生產的開發國家如印尼,菲律賓,泰國,馬來西亞等也開始生產馬口鐵,另外有逐漸改無錫鐵皮(tin free steel)之趨勢.

熱漫鍍鋅(zinc hot dip coating)

鍍鋅鋼片主要有電鍍式鍍鋅鋼片及熱浸式鋼片,其中以熱浸式佔大多數,鍍鋅鋼片具有優良耐蝕性與低廉價格.主要用途為建築如用在頂板(roofing),側板(siding ),廣告牌,風管等,其次為電器及機械業.國內鍍鋅鋼片業者需淘汰更新陳舊設備,採用新式連續式熱浸鍍鋅方式生產,產量大,品質佳,產品適用性廣,成本低並加以配合耐高腐蝕力,鍍層延性,抗熱性,銲接性及美麗彩色塗裝之需求提高製品之品質.如發展出來的鐵鋅合金鍍面,差別鍍鋅,單面鍍鋅及鋁鋅合金鍍面等.

陽極處理(anodizing)

鋁的陽極處理是鋁金屬表面藉由電流的作用形成一層氧化物膜,堅硬耐磨,抗蝕性極高,色澤優美.鋁合金本身易於加工,強度高,用途很廣,磥瑣T陽處理產品為鋁門窗,傢俱,照相機及儀表外殼另件.鋁材製造極其加工業也日益擴展,鋁陽處理有相當市場潛力.

陽極處理之發展例如硬質陽極處理(hard anodizing),在低溫電流亦有用交直流並用之陽極處理.這種硬化之陽極處理的鋁材可用於活塞,汽缸,汽缸內襯,油壓機及渦輪之另件,汽閥,齒輪,'槍械另件,離合器,煞車圓片,(brake disk),機器另見及工具等.浴溫,電流密度, 溶液成份需自動控制才能嚴格管制成品之品質以達客戶要求.自動化需引進國外技術及大量之資金,所以同時要深入了解國外市場之潛力循序達成自動化.

塗裝(coating)

塗裝工業之成長仍應會繼續擴大,應設法取締地下工廠以減少公害保障合法廠商,避免惡性競爭.教育用戶重視表面處理技術之價值,提高塗裝品質之要求.大廠商應力爭上游,自行發展高級產品而不能只埋怨小廠之低廉競銷.發展之趨勢大多採用粉體塗裝,以節省能源和溶劑並可減少公害.非溶劑之塗裝和省能源型(紫外線硬化,低溫硬化)之新產品我國塗裝工業當然應該迎頭趕上.

有關表面處理技術之國內外學會有:

(1) 中國材料科學學會.
(2) 中國鋼鐵學會.
(3) 中國化學會.
(4) 中國腐蝕防蝕學會.
(5) American, Electroplater Society.
(6) American, Electrochemical Society.
(7) American, National Association of Corrosion Engineers .
(8) 英國Institute of metal fishing.
(9) 英國Corrosion Science Society.
(10) 英國Corrosion and Protection Association.
(11) 日本金屬表面技術學會.
(12) 日本金屬學會第三分科會(金屬表面物理化學).
(13) 日本鋼鐵學會.
(14) 日本電器化學協會.
(15) 日本化學學會.
(16) 日本輕金屬學會.
(17) 德國Bunsen Gesellechaff.

歡迎來到Bewise Inc.的世界，首先恭喜您來到這接受新的資訊讓產業更有競爭力，我們是提供專業刀具製造商，應對客戶高品質的刀具需求，我們可以協助客戶滿足您對產業的不同要求，我們有能力達到非常卓越的客戶需求品質，這是現有相關技術無法比擬的，我們成功的滿足了各行各業的要求，包括：精密HSS DIN切削刀具、協助客戶設計刀具流程、DIN or JIS 鎢鋼切削刀具設計、NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 航太切削刀具,NAS航太刀具設計、超高硬度的切削刀具、醫療配件刀具設計、複合式再研磨機、PCD地板專用企口鑽石組合刀具、粉末造粒成型機、主機版專用頂級電桿、PCD V-Cut刀、捨棄式圓鋸片組、粉末成型機、航空機械鉸刀、主機版專用頂級電感、’汽車業刀具設計、電子產業鑽石刀具、木工產業鑽石刀具、銑刀與切斷複合再研磨機、銑刀與鑽頭複合再研磨機、銑刀與螺絲攻複合再研磨機等等。我們的產品涵蓋了從民生刀具到工業級的刀具設計；從微細刀具到大型刀具；從小型生產到大型量產；全自動整合；我們的技術可提供您連續生產的效能，我們整體的服務及卓越的技術，恭迎您親自體驗！！

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 http://www.tool-tool.com / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users’ demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting tool、aerospace tool .HSS DIN Cutting tool、Carbide end mills、Carbide cutting tool、NAS Cutting tool、NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 Cutting Tools,Carbide end mill、disc milling cutter,Aerospace cutting tool、hss drill’Фрезеры’Carbide drill、High speed steel、Compound Sharpener’Milling cutter、INDUCTORS FOR PCD’CVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )’PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) ’Core drill、Tapered end mills、CVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool. INDUCTORS FOR PCD . POWDER FORMING MACHINE ‘Single Crystal Diamond ‘Metric end mills、Miniature end mills、Специальные режущие инструменты ‘Пустотелое сверло ‘Pilot reamer、Fraises’Fresas con mango’ PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) ‘Frese’POWDER FORMING MACHINE’Electronics cutter、Step drill、Metal cutting saw、Double margin drill、Gun barrel、Angle milling cutter、Carbide burrs、Carbide tipped cutter、Chamfering tool、IC card engraving cutter、Side cutter、Staple Cutter’PCD diamond cutter specialized in grooving floors’V-Cut PCD Circular Diamond Tipped Saw Blade with Indexable Insert’ PCD Diamond Tool’ Saw Blade with Indexable Insert’NAS tool、DIN or JIS tool、Special tool、Metal slitting saws、Shell end mills、Side and face milling cutters、Side chip clearance saws、Long end mills’end mill grinder’drill grinder’sharpener、Stub roughing end mills、Dovetail milling cutters、Carbide slot drills、Carbide torus cutters、Angel carbide end mills、Carbide torus cutters、Carbide ball-nosed slot drills、Mould cutter、Tool manufacturer.

ようこそＢｅｗｉｓｅ　Ｉｎｃ.の世界へお越し下さいませ、先ず御目出度たいのは新たな

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Bewise Inc. talaşlı imalat sanayinde en fazla kullanılan ve üç eksende (x,y,z) talaş kaldırabilen freze takımlarından olan Parmak Freze imalatçısıdır. Çok geniş ürün yelpazesine sahip olan firmanın başlıca ürünlerini Karbür Parmak Frezeler, Kalıpçı Frezeleri, Kaba Talaş Frezeleri, Konik Alın Frezeler, Köşe Radyüs Frezeler, İki Ağızlı Kısa ve Uzun Küresel Frezeler, İç Bükey Frezeler vb. şeklinde sıralayabiliriz.

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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Jul 08 Thu 2010 16:57
電鍍基本原理與概念A www.tool-tool.com

Bewise Inc. www.tool-tool.com Reference source from the internet.

電鍍之定義

電鍍(electroplating)被定義為一種電沈積過程(electrodepos- ition process)，是利用電極(electrode)通過電流，使金屬附著於物體表面上，其目的是在改變物體表面之特性或尺寸。

電鍍之目的

電鍍的目的是在基材上鍍上金屬鍍層(deposit)，改變基材表面性質或尺寸。例如賦予金屬光澤美觀、物品的防鏽、防止磨耗、提高導電度、潤滑性、強度、耐熱性、耐候性、熱處理之防止滲碳、氮化、尺寸錯誤或磨耗之另件之修補。

各種鍍金的方法

- - - E=E⁰+RT/nF ln aM^n+/aM
    - E=電極電位
    - E⁰⁼電極標準狀態電位 (volt)
    - R=氣體常數(8.3143 J.K^-1MOL^-1)
    - T= 絕對零度( K)
    - n=原子價之改變數(電子移轉之數)
    - aMⁿ⁺⁼金屬離子之活度 (activity),若極稀薄之溶液,其活度就等於金屬
    - 離子之濃度(concentration)C。
    - 一般則活度為濃度乘上活度係數,即a = r *c。
    - 金屬電極之活度,若為純金屬即為1 。
    - 法拉第常數

電鍍法(electroplating)
無電鍍法(electroless plating)

熱浸法(hot dip plating)
熔射噴鍍法(spray plating)

塑膠電鍍(plastic plating)
浸漬電鍍 (immersion plating)

滲透鍍金(diffusion plating)
陰極濺鍍(cathode supptering)

真空蒸著鍍金(vacuum plating)
合金電鍍 (alloy plating)

複合電鍍 (composite plating
局部電鍍 (selective plating)

穿孔電鍍 (through-hole plating)
筆電鍍(pen plating)

電鍍的基本知識

電鍍大部份在液體 (solution) 下進行，又絕大部份是由水溶液 (aqueous solution)中電鍍，約有 30 種的金屬可由水溶液進行電鍍, 由

水溶液電鍍的金屬有：銅Cu、鎳Ni、鉻Cr、鋅Zn、鎘Cd" 、鉛Pb、金Au、銀Ag、鉑Pt、鈷Co、錳Mn、銻Sb、鉍Bi、汞Hg、鎵Ga、銦In、

鉈、As、Se、Te、Pd、Mn、 Re、Rh、Os、Ir、Nb、W 等。

有些必須由非水溶液電鍍如鋰、鈉、鉀、鈹、鎂、鈣、鍶、鋇、鋁、La、Ti、Zr、Ge、Mo等。可油水溶液及非水溶液電鍍者有銅、

銀、鋅、鎘、銻、鉍、錳、鈷、鎳等金屬。

電鍍的基本知識包括下列幾項：

標準電極電位(standard electrode potential)

標準電極電位(standard electrode potential)是指金屬電極之活度為 1(純金屬)及在

金屬離子活度為1時之電極電位。

即 E=E⁰

E=E⁰+RT/nF ln 1/1

=E⁰+0= E⁰

氫之標準電位在任何溫度下都定為0,做為其他電極之參考電極 (REFERENCEELECTRODE),以氫標準電極為基準0,各種金屬之標準電位見表

排列在前頭之金屬如Li較易失去電子,易被氧化,易溶解,易腐蝕,稱之為濺金屬或金屬(basic metal)。相反如Au金屬不易失去電子.不易氧化.不易溶解.

容易被還元稱之為貴金屬(noble metal)。

電極

電位

電極

電位

Li⁺ -3.045
Co ?
Co⁺² -0.277

Rb?
Rb⁺ -2.93
Ni ?
Ni⁺² -0.250

K?
K⁺ -2.924
Sn ?
Sn⁺² -0.136

Ba?
Ba⁺² -2.90
Pb ?
Pb⁺² -0.126

Sr ?
Sr⁺² -2.90
Fe ?
Fe⁺³ -0.04

Ca ?
Ca⁺² -2.87
Pt/H2?
H⁺ 0.000

Na ?
Na⁺ -2.715
Sb ?
Sb⁺³ +0.15

Mg ?
Mg⁺² -2.37
Bi ?
Bi⁺³ +0.20

Al ?
Al⁺³ -1.67
As ?
As⁺³ +3

Mn ?
Mn⁺² -1.18
Cu ?
Cu⁺² +0.34

Zn ?
Zn⁺² -0.762
Pt/OH^-?
O2 +0.40

Cr ?
Cr⁺³-0.74
Cu ?
Cu⁺ +0.52

Cr ?
Cr⁺² -0.56
Hg ?
Hg₂⁺² +0.789

Fe ?
Fe⁺² -0.441
Ag ?
Ag⁺ +0.799

Cd ?
Cd ⁺³ -0.402
Pd ?
Pd⁺² +0.987

In ?
In⁺³ -0.34
Au ?
Au⁺³ +0.150

Tl ?
Tl⁺ -0.336
Au ?
Au⁺ +1.68

Nernst 電位學說

金屬含有該金屬離子之溶液相接觸,則在金屬與溶液界面,會產生電荷移動現象,此

等電荷之移動,仍是由於金屬與溶液的界面有電位勢之差別稱之為電位差所引起,此現象

Nernst 解說如下:

設驅使金屬失去電子變為陽離子溶入溶液中之電離溶解液解壓 (electrolatic

solution pressure)為p而使溶液中的陽離子得到電子還元成金屬滲透壓(osmotic pressure)為

p,則有三種情況發生:

電極電位在熱力學的表示法

電極反應是由氧化反應及還原反應所組成.

例如Cu ? Cu⁺⁺+2e^- 還原狀態氧化狀態可用下列二式表示之 :

- Cu(R) Cu⁺⁺+2e^-
- 氧化反應
- Cu? Cu⁺⁺+2e^-
- 還原反應

例1: 氧電極反應之電位

1/2O2+H2O+2e^-? 2OH^-

例2: 氯化汞電極反應之電位

Hg2⁺^{2+2e-? 2 Hg}

^{E=E0- RT/nF ln a_Hg(s) /a_Hg2+2}

例3: 氫電極反應之電位

1/2H2(g) ? H⁺+e^-

E=E⁰-RT/F ln a_H⁺/a_H2^1/2_(g)

電極電位之意義

歡迎來到Bewise Inc.的世界，首先恭喜您來到這接受新的資訊讓產業更有競爭力，我們是提供專業刀具製造商，應對客戶高品質的刀具需求，我們可以協助客戶滿足您對產業的不同要求，我們有能力達到非常卓越的客戶需求品質，這是現有相關技術無法比擬的，我們成功的滿足了各行各業的要求，包括：精密HSS DIN切削刀具、協助客戶設計刀具流程、DIN or JIS 鎢鋼切削刀具設計、NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 航太切削刀具,NAS航太刀具設計、超高硬度的切削刀具、醫療配件刀具設計、複合式再研磨機、PCD地板專用企口鑽石組合刀具、粉末造粒成型機、主機版專用頂級電桿、PCD V-Cut刀、捨棄式圓鋸片組、粉末成型機、航空機械鉸刀、主機版專用頂級電感、’汽車業刀具設計、電子產業鑽石刀具、木工產業鑽石刀具、銑刀與切斷複合再研磨機、銑刀與鑽頭複合再研磨機、銑刀與螺絲攻複合再研磨機等等。我們的產品涵蓋了從民生刀具到工業級的刀具設計；從微細刀具到大型刀具；從小型生產到大型量產；全自動整合；我們的技術可提供您連續生產的效能，我們整體的服務及卓越的技術，恭迎您親自體驗！！

BW Bewise Inc. Willy Chen willy@tool-tool.com bw@tool-tool.com www.tool-tool.com skype:willy_chen_bw mobile:0937-618-190 Head &Administration Office No.13,Shiang Shang 2nd St., West Chiu Taichung,Taiwan 40356 http://www.tool-tool.com / FAX:+886 4 2471 4839 N.Branch 5F,No.460,Fu Shin North Rd.,Taipei,Taiwan S.Branch No.24,Sec.1,Chia Pu East Rd.,Taipao City,Chiayi Hsien,Taiwan

Welcome to BW tool world! We are an experienced tool maker specialized in cutting tools. We focus on what you need and endeavor to research the best cutter to satisfy users’ demand. Our customers involve wide range of industries, like mold & die, aerospace, electronic, machinery, etc. We are professional expert in cutting field. We would like to solve every problem from you. Please feel free to contact us, its our pleasure to serve for you. BW product including: cutting tool、aerospace tool .HSS DIN Cutting tool、Carbide end mills、Carbide cutting tool、NAS Cutting tool、NAS986 NAS965 NAS897 NAS937orNAS907 Cutting Tools,Carbide end mill、disc milling cutter,Aerospace cutting tool、hss drill’Фрезеры’Carbide drill、High speed steel、Compound Sharpener’Milling cutter、INDUCTORS FOR PCD’CVDD(Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond )’PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) ’Core drill、Tapered end mills、CVD Diamond Tools Inserts’PCD Edge-Beveling Cutter(Golden Finger’PCD V-Cutter’PCD Wood tools’PCD Cutting tools’PCD Circular Saw Blade’PVDD End Mills’diamond tool. INDUCTORS FOR PCD . POWDER FORMING MACHINE ‘Single Crystal Diamond ‘Metric end mills、Miniature end mills、Специальные режущие инструменты ‘Пустотелое сверло ‘Pilot reamer、Fraises’Fresas con mango’ PCD (Polycrystalline diamond) ‘Frese’POWDER FORMING MACHINE’Electronics cutter、Step drill、Metal cutting saw、Double margin drill、Gun barrel、Angle milling cutter、Carbide burrs、Carbide tipped cutter、Chamfering tool、IC card engraving cutter、Side cutter、Staple Cutter’PCD diamond cutter specialized in grooving floors’V-Cut PCD Circular Diamond Tipped Saw Blade with Indexable Insert’ PCD Diamond Tool’ Saw Blade with Indexable Insert’NAS tool、DIN or JIS tool、Special tool、Metal slitting saws、Shell end mills、Side and face milling cutters、Side chip clearance saws、Long end mills’end mill grinder’drill grinder’sharpener、Stub roughing end mills、Dovetail milling cutters、Carbide slot drills、Carbide torus cutters、Angel carbide end mills、Carbide torus cutters、Carbide ball-nosed slot drills、Mould cutter、Tool manufacturer.

ようこそＢｅｗｉｓｅ　Ｉｎｃ.の世界へお越し下さいませ、先ず御目出度たいのは新たな

情報を受け取って頂き、もっと各産業に競争力プラス展開。

弊社は専門なエンド・ミルの製造メーカーで、客先に色んな分野のニーズ、

豊富なパリエーションを満足させ、特にハイテク品質要求にサポート致します。

弊社は各領域に供給できる内容は：

弊社の製品の供給調達機能は：

弊社の全般供給体制及び技術自慢の総合専門製造メーカーに貴方のご体験を御待ちしております。

Bewise Inc. talaşlı imalat sanayinde en fazla kullanılan ve üç eksende (x,y,z) talaş kaldırabilen freze takımlarından olan Parmak Freze imalatçısıdır. Çok geniş ürün yelpazesine sahip olan firmanın başlıca ürünlerini Karbür Parmak Frezeler, Kalıpçı Frezeleri, Kaba Talaş Frezeleri, Konik Alın Frezeler, Köşe Radyüs Frezeler, İki Ağızlı Kısa ve Uzun Küresel Frezeler, İç Bükey Frezeler vb. şeklinde sıralayabiliriz.

BW специализируется в научных исследованиях и разработках, и снабжаем самым высокотехнологичным карбидовым материалом для поставки режущих / фрезеровочных инструментов для почвы, воздушного пространства и электронной индустрии. В нашу основную продукцию входит твердый карбид / быстрорежущая сталь, а также двигатели, микроэлектрические дрели, IC картонорезальные машины, фрезы для гравирования, режущие пилы, фрезеры-расширители, фрезеры-расширители с резцом, дрели, резаки форм для шлицевого вала / звездочки роликовой цепи, и специальные нано инструменты. Пожалуйста, посетите сайт www.tool-tool.com для получения большей информации.

BW is specialized in R&D and sourcing the most advanced carbide material with high-tech coating to supply cutting / milling tool for mould & die, aero space and electronic industry. Our main products include solid carbide / HSS end mills, micro electronic drill, IC card cutter, engraving cutter, shell end mills, cutting saw, reamer, thread reamer, leading drill, involute gear cutter for spur wheel, rack and worm milling cutter, thread milling cutter, form cutters for spline shaft/roller chain sprocket, and special tool, with nano grade. Please visit our web www.tool-tool.com for more info.

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