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氮化钢(渗氮钢)
适合于氮化(或渗氮)工艺的钢种,称氮化钢或渗氮钢。一般狭义而言,是指专门为渗氮零件设计、冶炼、加工的一种特殊钢种。其典型代表为38CrMoAL。
氮 化钢制作的机器零件,经氮化处理后,能获得极高的表面硬度、良好的耐磨性、高的疲劳强度和较低的缺口敏感性、一定的抗腐蚀能力、高的热稳定性,氮化处理用 于处理某些在较高温度工作的耐磨零件或精密零件,如内燃机曲轴、汽缸套和汽阀、镗床的主轴和主轴套、精密齿轮和业密机床丝杆等。
氮化钢的合金化应考虑以下几点:
(1) 氮化前需进行调质处理。氮化钢首先应是调质钢,即具有足够的淬透性。铬、锰、钼是提高淬透性的有效元素。
(2) 为了使钢在氮化温度下(500~570℃)他长时间加热后仍能保持强度不变,向钢中加入钼和钒。为了防止或减轻高温回火脆性,往往向钢中添加0.2%~0.5%Mo。
(3) 氮化时,渗入α相基体的氮原子同固溶于α相中的铬、钼、钨、钒、铝等元素结全,形成合金氮化物,呈细小颗粒,与α相基体保持共格、弥散分布,起沉淀化作用,使 氮化层硬度提高,并能在氮化温度下长时间保持弥散状态和高硬度。
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