Bewise Inc.   www.tool-tool.com         
Reference source from the internet. 
根据冶炼时脱氧程序的不同,钢可分为沸腾钢、镇静钢和半镇静钢。沸腾钢为脱氧不完全的钢。钢在冶脸后期不加脱氧剂(如硅、铝等),浇注时钢液在钢锭模内产生沸腾现象(气体逸出),钢锭凝固后,蜂窝气泡分布在钢锭中,在轧制过程中这种气泡空腔会被粘合起来。这类钢的特点是钢中含硅量很低,标准规定为痕量或不大于0.07%,通常注成不带保温帽的上小下大的钢锭。优点是钢的收率高(约提高15%),生产成本低,表面质量和深冲性能好。缺点是钢的杂质多,成分偏析较大,所以性能不均匀。
镇静钢为完全脱氧的钢。通常注成上大下小带保温帽的锭型,浇注时钢液镇静不沸腾。由于锭模上部有保温帽(在钢液凝固时作补充钢液用),这节帽头在轧制开坯后需切除,故钢的收得率低,但组织致密,偏析小,质量均匀。优质钢和合金一般都是镇静钢
半镇静钢为脱氧较完全的钢。脱氧程度介于沸腾钢和镇静钢之间,浇注时有沸腾现象,但较沸腾钢弱。这类钢具有沸腾钢和镇静钢的某些优点,在冶炼操作上较难掌握,但是碳素钢中此类钢是值得提倡和发展的。
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